Electric power is widely used in electric traction for many reasons: it is easy to control the speed of an electric motor, the absence of exhaust gases, free of noise, it has high starting torque, and it needs less maintenance than its mechanical counterpart. In the current research, a modern hybrid car is designed and manufactured in three ways. The first method is using a 220 volt AC electric power to charge five series batteries; each battery has 12 VDC (35 A/h) to supply totally 60 VDC input voltage for the electronic inverter which converts 60 VDC to 60 VAC (three-phase voltage) as a controllable voltage source to three-phase synchronous motor (SM) type (BLDC-YG1-ZZ-1200 W). The second method is to take advantage of the solar energy which is almost available in Iraq environment throughout the year to be stored in the batteries, especially during the shutdown of the machine and when it stops it under the sun. The solar panel is fixed on the vehicle's roof; it has a power of 100 watts. The third method is the mechanical energy by using the bicycle pedal to move the wheels of the car; it is useful in the event of a sudden interruption of electrical power or a technical failure in the vehicle. In addition, three kinds of electronic devices are used for control. The first control is electric battery charger. The second control is to convert solar radiation into electrical energy to be stored in the batteries. The third control is to regulate the accessories of another electric vehicle. The vehicle was tested in the province of Diyala, Baquba, Iraq, on a flat and tilted land (Al Mafraq Bridge, Baquba city). The steady-state speed reached more than 40 km/h with a total load of more than 125 kg. The design is subjected to real electrical and mechanical engineering tests alongside using decades of applied equations on locomotives and electric vehicles to validate the experimental tests.
This paper presents an automatic speed control system on three phase squirrel cage induction motor using Programming Logic Circuit (PLC) and Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) techniques. The aim of this study is to obtain a constant speed of induction motors when these motors are exposed to variable loads. The required speed of the induction motor can be set as a numerical value by (PLC), while the actual speed of the induction motor can be measured by a tachometer which is equipped with (PLC) ) Through an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). Then the two speeds are compared to the set point with minimum error to get the required constant speed. The control system designed to be tested with two stator poles number (two and four poles) of induction motors. The results have cleared that in spite of doubled the load 11 and 8 times respectively, but the yield average shaft speeds are almost constant 2891.15 rpm and 1402.45 rpm respectively.
Electric driving is one of the main courses in energy science. It represents the relationship between an electric motor as a tool to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and between a managed or mechanical device that drives it through belts or gears. In the current research, a three-phase synchronous motor 1200 Watt was used to drag an electric vehicle with a rated load of 150 kg and at a speed of up to 40 km per hour. Transmission from the electric motor to the vehicle's tires is done through a gear to rotate the wheels of the vehicle. Batteries are used to store continuous electrical power from a 220-volt alternating power source using the DC/AC inverter. Solar energy 150 Watt has also been used by using a solar panel placed on the roof of the vehicle. Mechanical energy has also been used by mechanical pedal. The vehicle was tested on a flat and sloping road in Baquba / Diyala province / Iraq. The efficiency tests proved the acceleration and balance of the car are good and matched with the theoretical calculations.
This paper presents the analysis on the performance of outer rotor squirrel cage induction motor (ORSCSPIM) using Veinott theory. Previously the motor was designed based classical design theory. The calculated performance of the designed motor obtained from the classical theory, which are efficiency, power factors, input power, output power, and starting torque, are compared with performance analysis done using Veinott theory. The analyses are carried out using MATLAB.
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