The yield of phenolic acids; rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CAF) and phenolic diterpenes; carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CAR), rosmanol (ROL) from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was investigated. Aqueous extraction was conducted for leaf and callus tissues, the chemical analysis for extracts was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data showed that RA and CAF production was 4.5, 2.7 µg/ml respectively. CA and CAR production reached 3.3, 2.8 µg/ml when the fungal elicitor; Fusarium oxysporum was added at the concentration 2.0 mg/l (2×10 4 CFU/ml), except ROL which was found at high levels (4.3, 4.2 and 4.6 µg/ml) only from leaf extracts, untreated callus and when callus treated with 0.4 mg/l of CaCl 2 respectively.
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is highly increasing during the three last decades. Evaluation of natural products to access new and effective antimicrobial agents is one of the scientific strategies to combat drug-resistant pathogens. With this perspective, leaf extracts of Bauhinia vareigata which had documented uses in traditional medicine, were investigated for antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains, two gram-positive ; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. and two gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameters in agar well diffusion assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of B.variegata leaves extract as compared with antibiotics such as ampicillin, so that this medicinal plant could serve as a good candidate to treat various infectious diseases. The crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata showed high antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains as compared with the antibiotic ampicilliwhich recorded inhibition zone ranged from 21 mm to 34 mm. Ethanol diluted extract revea n led no activity at the dilutions from 2% to 16%, while it showed less activity at the dilutions of 32% and 64% against staphylococcus aureus, Streptococuus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis. Escherichia coli showed resistance against all extract dilutions. It was noted that the extracts were more active against Proteus mirabilis, as compared with other bacterial species. Finally, all the bio-extracts were well stable at room temperature during the duration of the study and did not show any reduction of activity against the bacterial strains used in this study experiments.
The antimicrobial activity for Thevietia peruviana was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameter in agar using well diffusion assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Thevietia peruviana leaf extract as compared with callus extract against some bacterial strains and fungi. The results showed that the addition of 2,4-D at the concentration of 9 mg/l, and 0.1 mg/l of kinetin led to obtain callus weight reached 800 mg. It was noticed that the reduction of 2,4-D concentration up to 6 mg/l resulted in compact and green pieces of callus. The optimal weight and friable callus was obtained at 9 mg/l. Among the susceptible bacteria are the gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa seemed to be sensitive against all concentration of Thevietia peruviana leaf and callus extracts, While Escherichia coli showed resistance with all concentrations of extracts. It was noted that the extracts were more active against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, as compared with other bacterial species. Results of this study revealed that callus extract of Thevetia peruviana possess higher activity in comparison with leaf extract against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Finally all the bioextracts were well stable at room temperature during the period of the study and did not show any reduction of activity against the bacterial strains used in this study experiments.
IntroductionArabidopsis thaliana, a small, annual flowering, dicotyledonous plant, was discovered by Johannes Thal (hence, thaliana) in the Harz mountains in the sixteenth century. Arabidopsis is a member of the Brassicaceae family, which includes important crops. It has no agronomic significance, but offers important advantages for basic research in genetics and molecular biology [1].
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