Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the standard for high-speed wireless communication for mobile devices and data terminals. Although, the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified some security mechanisms to insure the security of intra-MME handover, but there exists a few vulnerabilities compromising the security of the LTE entities. The most harmful vulnerability is the de-synchronization attack. This attack aims to compromise the new session keys using a false base station by desynchronizing the target eNodeB during the handover process. In this paper, a modification for the standard protocol is presented to overcome this attack. Also the paper investigates the performance of the modified protocol in terms of the handover phase's latencies according to the 3GPP technical specifications. Finally, the opensource framework LTE-Sim is used to provide complete performance evaluation for the modified protocol, by measuring the received packets average delays and the Packet Error Loss Ratio (PELR) of the transmitted packets, comparing with the 3GPP requirements.
Kerberos is a widely used authentication scheme based on symmetric key cryptography, although Kerberos is a part of MIT's Project Athena it has been adopted by many other organizations for their own purposes. And is being discussed as a possible standard. Despite Kerberos's many strengths, a number of limitations and some weaknesses have appeared due to MIT's environment that needs only user-to-server authentication and others due to deficiencies in the protocol design. In this paper an improved scheme using the Public Key cryptography will be proposed to enhance its security strength to overcome these limitations and weaknesses.
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