In this research paper, ozone technology is used to eliminate pollutants in water and in wastewater treatment processes. The ozone reactions with the endocrine disrupters were studied at different gas flow rates, initial concentrations of endocrine disrupters, ozone concentrations and pH. The degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2) as single compound was the fastest reaching about 90% removal in almost 5 minutes. However, estrone (E1) degradation was the lowest reaching about 70% removal at the same time. The degradation of mixtures of the endocrine disruptors was found to proceed to lower percentages than individual components at the same conditions. During the multicomponent ozonation of the endocrine disruptors, it was found that 17β-estradiol (E2) converted to estrone (E1) at the beginning of the reaction.
<p>Knowing the physical properties of hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions is essential for designing most crude oil production and refining processes. Several correlations, called group contribution methods, have been proposed in the literature to assess these parameters and have been used extensively. The majority frequent correlations reported in the literature, where it is generally accepted in the petroleum industry, are used to describe unspecified fractions of oil. The only input parameters required are specific gravity and normal boiling point or molecular weight. Calculated properties include: normal boiling point (T<sub>b</sub>), Molecular weight (Mw), critical properties for instance critical pressure (P<sub>c</sub>), critical temperature (T<sub>c</sub>), critical volume (V<sub>c</sub>) and acentric factor (ω), as well as other parameters including Watson factor (K), and compressibility factor (Z<sub>c</sub>). In this approach, x samples of petroleum fractions of Messla and Sarir crude oils of Arabian Gulf Oil Company, Libya have been collected. A quantity of characterization technique of untainted and unknown petroleum fractions have been presented to foresee the physical properties of these petroleum fractions. Correlations for characterizing non-specific petroleum fractions suppose precise seriousness and boiling point as input parameters. These correlations are Twu Correlations, Cavett Correlations, Kesler-Lee Correlations and Riazi-Daubert Correlations. The physical properties of the compounds in terms of specific gravity and (T<sub>b</sub>) were shown on the algorithm and the correlation models for the auxiliary acids were corrected in this study. The considerations addressed revealed that there is no significant difference between the correlation models and the results obtained and it appears to be very close to the similar published data of the cited authors.</p>
<p>This study was conducted to assessment the environmental impacts in petroleum refineries due to the different processes. The paper presents the data obtained during a case study was achieved in Tobruk petroleum refinery. The main petroleum products of the refinery represented by diesel, light naphtha, heavy naphtha and kerosene with maximum production capacity concerning 21,500 bbl/day. The results of the study revealed that the waste water affected by high concentration of hydrocarbons. The heavy metals are also determined and represented by V, Fe, Ni and Cu with low contents in crude oil. Also the pollutants parameters in the disposal water e.g. biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, suspended solids, phenols, ammonia and sulphides are determined, and the results are compared with other refinery types. The concentration of these parameters are higher than the standard values that recommended by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), at the same time these values are less if they are compared with the other refinery types.</p>
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