100% of samples obtained by conventional D&C, while 98.2% of the samples obtained by Tao Brush were adequate for histopathology examination. In this study; Tao Brush had 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% predictive values and accuracy for diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, proliferative and secretory endometrium, also, it had 86.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV) and 99% negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy for diagnosing endometritis (no significant difference compared to conventional D&C), while, it had 77.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 99% NPV and accuracy for diagnosing endometrial polyps (no significant difference compared to conventional D&C) CONCLUSION: Endometrial sampling using endometrial brush cytology (EBC) is safe, accurate, cost-effective outpatient procedure, avoids general anesthesia with high sensitivity and specificity for detection of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. EBC could be used as complementary diagnostic tool when hysteroscopic biopsies or other blinded procedures for endometrial sampling are unwanted or not available.

Magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a complementary tool in the assessment of sonographically suspected fetal renal anomalies.

IntroductionThe issue of conserving the ovaries at hysterectomy in premenopausal women with benign gynecologic disease has been the subject of considerable controversy. Some clinicians prefer prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women during hysterectomy to prevent future development of malignant changes in conserved ovaries. Other clinicians prefer to conserve apparently normal ovaries, because bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women results in an abrupt imbalance, sudden onset of menopausal symptoms, decreased libido, increased cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis.Material and methodsTwo hundred and twenty multipara women (who had completed their families), with benign uterine pathology were included in this prospective study for abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral ovarian preservation. Pre-operative vaginal ultrasound, Doppler studies, diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were done followed by laboratory studies including Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol for all studied women. Doppler studies, AMH, FSH and estradiol were repeated 6 and 12 months post-operative for assessment of the ovarian function and ovarian blood supply after hysterectomy.ResultsPre-operative AMH, FSH and estradiol of the studied women were statistically insignificant compared to AMH, FSH and estradiol 6 and 12 months post-operative. Twelve months post-operative right and left ovarian volumes (6.92 ± 0.18 and 6.85 ± 0.19 cm3, respectively) were significantly larger than pre-operative right and left ovarian volumes (6.19 ± 0.22 and 5.86 ± 0.23 cm3, respectively), and, 12 months post-operative right and left ovarian pulsatility indices (2.92 ± 0.15 and 2.96 ± 0.16 cm/s, respectively) were significantly lower than pre-operative right and left ovarian pulsatility indices (3.45 ± 0.19 and 3.36 ± 0.2 cm/s, respectively). Eight (3.6%) cases of the studied women developed an ovarian cyst 6 months after hysterectomy, 3 were spontaneously resolved and the remaining 5 (2.27%) cases underwent exploratory laparotomy.ConclusionsThere is no evidence of ovarian dysfunction affecting conserved ovaries one year after hysterectomy in premenopausal women as evident by AMH, FSH and estradiol. Furthermore, an increased ovarian volume and reduced ovarian pulsatility indices indicate a possible increase in ovarian blood supply, and preserved non-compromised ovarian function.

IntroductionThis study was designed to estimate respiratory morbidity associated with elective cesarean section (ECS) and to determine the effect of antenatal oxytocin exposure on this morbidity.Material and methodsNine hundred and sixty-five neonates ≥ 37 weeks’ gestation delivered by cesarean section during 1 year were included in this retrospective study and classified into two groups according to oxytocin exposure before cesarean deliveries. Respiratory morbidity for each group was recorded and statistically analyzed.ResultsTransient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was significantly more frequent in group II (ECS group) than in group I (cesarean section after oxytocin exposure) (8.19% vs. 2.92%; respectively, p = 0.0006). Mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen therapy were significantly more frequent in group II than in group I (1.78%, 2.14% and 4.28% versus 0.44%, 0.58% and 1.46%, respectively; p = 0.039, and p = 0.033 and p = 0.009, respectively). The number of newborns admitted to the neonatal unit and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was significantly higher in group II than in group I (6.41% and 2.14% vs. 2.05% and 0.58%, respectively; p = 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). Surfactant, fluid therapies and parenteral nutrition were significantly more frequent in group II than in group I (2.14%, 4.28% and 2.49% vs. 0.15%, 1.46% and 0.73%, respectively; p = 0.001, p = 0.009 and p = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsNeonatal respiratory morbidity associated with ECS significantly decreased after antenatal oxytocin exposure. A significant reduction of neonatal respiratory morbidity would be achieved if ECS were performed after 39 weeks’ gestation.

fFN bedside test is better than nitrazine and ferning tests in detection of PROM, but is not suited for identification of clinically difficult cases with suspected PROM, because, it is influenceable and can give false-positive results in preterm labor, women >34 gestational weeks and after any vaginal manipulation without PROM.