This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Empirical results show that road transport-related energy consumption, transport value added, transport CO 2 emissions and road infrastructure are mutually causal in the long-run. These results do not support the hypothesis of neutrality between energy and income for the Tunisian road transport sector. Also, there is a unidirectional causality running from fuel price to road transport-related energy consumption with no feedback in both the short and long runs. The fuel price and the road infrastructure are significant in the causal chain. Though the estimated long-run cointegrated equation, we conclude that there is an inverse N-shaped relation between transport value added and transport CO 2 emissions, with income turning point respectively equal to 75 and 579 (constant 2000 TND prices). Therefore, our empirical findings refute the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped EKC for transport CO 2 emissions in Tunisia.The findings of this study have a number of policy implications. Economic growth, environmental degradation, energy and transportation policies should be recognized in order to improve the energy efficiency in transport sector. All measures that should reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions without affecting economic growth may be undertaken. The policymakers in Tunisia should plan urban transport, relocate production units, improve fuel-efficient vehicles and reinforce legislation on controlling emissions in order to copying with policies based on low-carbon development and climate-resilient strategies.
Abstract. The outer scale profile is a key parameter for the specification and optimization of the Adaptive Optics systems for the Extremely Large Telescopes. A new instrument MOSP for L 0 (h) extraction has been developed and several campaigns have been carried out at Mauna Kea, Paranal and now at Dome C in Antarctica. The MOSP instrument and results obtained during his observation campaigns are presented and discussed.
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