This study aims to simulate water seepage and identify areas of weakness in the foundations through the right and left sides of the proposed Makhool dam in northern Iraq, using the finite element method by advanced computer software (SEEP/ W, 2012). The earth fill dam is 3670 m long on the Tigris River. Many attempts were made to ascertain the program results on the supposed earth dam and compare the results with those of other analytical methods to verify the program. The results are comparable, showing that the program is suitable for use in the seepage analysis at the proposed Makhool dam. According to the seepage analysis, the quantity of seepage through the left side of Makhool is acceptable within permissible limits; however, the right side has a lot more than the left side because of the presence of cracks, fractures, and cavitations in the stratigraphic sequence of Fatha formation at great depths in the gypsum beds under the diaphragm. The results indicate the need to lower the diaphragm about 6 m extra in the foundation's zone to a level of 49 m.a.s.l until reaching the low permeability clay bed within the foundations' zone. This action will reduce the amount of seepage and flow velocity and avoid using more grouting during the dam life. The design limits of the piezometric head (total head) were also determined, which are supposed to be read by the monitoring devices when operating the dam at the maximum level of the reservoir and the normal operating levels.
The research includes evaluation of geotechnical properties of Quaternary deposits in various locations in terms of Yaychee / Kirkuk, physical tests showed that the soil moisture content (mc%) in areas ranging from (1.95 to 16.74%), while showing the values results of specific weight ( Gs) ranging from (2.65 to 2.76), and the results of the grain size analysis showed that the soil study area is homogeneous and contains a wide range of different sizes and granules in the proportion of volumes grained constituent of the soil .Az was soft soil is predominant in the study area and rates mixed with a less than soils coarse ratios according to the results of the atterberqe limits (Liquid Limit and plastic Limit) showed that the soil type (CL) of mud and a low-plasticity with the exception of soil second location which Silty and Low plasticity (ML), while the results showed the engineering tests of the examination direct shear values that internal friction angle ranged between (35-41°) and the cohesion between (60-100 kpa), while the results of the Consolidation test in the study area showed transaction values ranging from effective pressure (Po) (16.09-21.39 kpa ), and the pressure of the preconsolidation (Pc) (65-240 kpa), and the proportion of voids (eo) (0.52 -1.061), and compression modulus (Cc) (0.22-0.339), and swelling coefficient (Cr) (0.029- 0.166), the soils excessively Consolidation O.C.R, and the chemical analysis it was observed low proportion of gypsum, and organic content of soils base and low for the content of soluble salts.
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