The coastal zone of Nile Delta Coast is a dynamic system which was in equilibrium or experienced huge amounts of sediment transported with the water discharges transfer from Nile branches to the Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable decrease in the sediment discharges arises with the construction of barrages, low Aswan dam, and Aswan High Dam south of the Nile river at beginning of the 20th century which trapped almost all the flood sediments behind. Consequently, the coastal zone has suffered from shoreline erosion, particularly at Rosetta, El Burullus, and Damietta. Not only erosion is the main challenge facing this coastal zones, but also, siltation inside the inlets discharge to the sea.A depth-averaged model has been used after calibration and validation, to study morphological changes around the nourishment area at Rosetta promontory, and testing the validity of some alternatives proposed to mitigate the outlet problems. Among these alternatives: diversion of side channel from the sea to the Nile River, and finally, the sand motor technique.The aim of this paper is to test different proposed alternatives and analyze it in terms of morph-dynamic processes to reach an applicable solution for the instability of the promontory.
We report case study results for attenuation of free-surface multiples from deep-water ocean bottom node (OBN) data using a data-driven multiple prediction method that combines OBN and towed-streamer data through multidimensional convolution, similar to the well-known surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) method. We illustrate the properties of the proposed multiple prediction method using synthetic and field data and note that availability of suitably acquired and processed streamer data is critical to the success of this approach. In our case study, we have data from five streamer surveys with offsets up to 10 km and broad range of azimuths. Correspondingly, the results of data-driven multiple attenuation are good for the OBN data with offsets up to about the maximum offset of the streamer data. We also compute a model-based prediction of the free-surface multiples using the anisotropic velocity model and prior depth images available for this field. The data-driven and the model-based approaches of predicting free-surface multiples have complementary properties. We combine models computed with both approaches to attenuate free-surface multiples in the OBN upgoing and downgoing data, as needed for subsalt imaging.
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