A common method in the synthesis of functionalized carbon particles such as laser ablation of graphite required time and complicated method. Therefore, electrospraying method was used to synthesize functionalized candle soot particles. Electrospraying method uses electric force to produce monodispersed micro and nanoparticles. Thus, the flow rates and voltages were manipulated to investigate the size of functionalized soot particles and Taylor cone-jet formation. In this study, soot was collected through direct burning of candles and functionalized with 1 M of nitric acid in 9 hr. The electrospray was set up at 27 C by applied high voltage 6.6 to 8.7 kV to the needle (23 G) with an internal diameter of 0.34 mm, aluminum foil as a collector, and tip to collector distance of 10 cm. The process parameters were manipulated by varying the flow rate from 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 to 1.0 ml/hr. The functionalized soot particles size and morphology were examined using a digital microscope and processed using ImageJ software. The particles diameter increased from 1.23 up to 2.46 μm when the flow rate increased from 0.3 to 1.0 ml/hr. This is due to increase volume of solution ejected from the needle, which inhibits the solvent from evaporating.
K E Y W O R D Scandle soot, electrospraying, functionalized soot, nanoparticles, Taylor cone
Commercially available monitoring systems in the market are expensive and rather challenging to maintain, had prompted researchers to invent low-cost monitoring system as alternative. New cost-effective, portable and user-friendly prototypes have been proposed using Shinyei PPD42NS sensor for PM10 monitoring. The performances of the original and roofed prototype were tested by measuring indoor PM10 concentrations. The roofed prototype showed a higher reading of PM10 (822 μgm-3) detected at minutes 16 compared to the original prototype (0 μgm-3) due to the presence of a roof decreased the velocity of particulate matter and accumulate before entered the Shinyei sensor inlet. CFD analysis of the roofed prototype illustrated lower air velocity of 0.3 ms-1 compared to original prototype having a velocity of 0.4 ms-1. The original prototype exhibit comparable performance to the reference instrument (GRIMM) in detecting PM10 concentration. Shinyei PPD42NS inside the original prototype showed high sensitivity by detecting higher concentration of PM10 with readings of 79 μgm-3. The prototypes were successfully developed by detecting the presence of PM10 and addition of roof showed increase efficiency in detecting particulate matter in the air.
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