The government of Malaysia has developed an Islamic Interbank Money Market (IIMM) since January 1994 with the objective to facilitate funding for the Islamic banking sector in the country. This platform also enables Islamic banks to obtain Shariah-compliant funds from other Islamic banks. This article examines the effects of interbank investment and financing risk on the financing decisions of Malaysia's Islamic bank between 1994 The financing decisions are used as financing measures to determine the effect of investing in the interbank market and financing risk indicators on financing. Research methodologies are the descriptive, correlation and dynamic panel analysis results are derived with the help of Limdep 9.0 software. The study found a negative relationship between the interbank investment variable with the financing decisions of Islamic banks. This reflects that an increase in interbank investment leads Islamic banks to reduce their level of financing. These findings prove the investment activities between Islamic banks had a "substitution effect" and decreased their capability of financing because of their tendency to maintain liquidity. Islamic banks are confident that they will generate higher profits in the coming financial year. The economic conditions of Malaysia do not influence Islamic banks' financing decisions, whereas Islamic banks in this study are more dependent on the balance sheet indicators.
The government of Malaysia has developed an Islamic Interbank Money Market (IIMM) since January 1994 with the objective to facilitate funding for the Islamic banking sector in the country. This platform also enables Islamic banks to obtain Shariah-compliant funds from other Islamic banks. This article examines the effects of interbank investment and financing risk on the financing decisions of Malaysia's Islamic bank between 1994-2015. The financing decisions are used as financing measures to determine the effect of investing in the interbank market and financing risk indicators on financing. Research methodology are the descriptive, correlation and dynamic panel analysis results are derived with the help of Limdep 9.0 software. The study found a negative relationship between the interbank investment variable with the financing decisions of Islamic banks. This reflects that an increase in interbank investment leads Islamic banks to reduce their level of financing. These findings prove the investment activities between Islamic banks had a "substitution effect" and decreased their capability of financing because of their tendency to maintain liquidity. Islamic banks are confident that they will generate higher profits in the coming financial year. The economic conditions of Malaysia do not influence Islamic banks' financing decisions, whereas Islamic banks in this study are more dependent on the balance sheet indicators.
The increasing issues of transgenderism has become a local and global phenomenon. It is clear that transgenderism is prohibited in Islam as it involves sexual orientation and social appearance. However, this lifestyle that against the normal practice of a human being has been normalised and accepted in many countries and started to gain acceptance into the Islamic community in Malaysia. This misconduct behaviour must be controlled as to ensure the sustainability of social culture in Malaysia. Hence,this research aimed to utilize prophetic psychospiritual approaches in the rehabilitation of transgender towards recovery to its nature. The method used in this research is qualitative studies on hadeeth that emphasize the spiritual aspects of a person. Researchers have found that the elements of patience, raja', khawf and religious appreciation are amongst the most important elements need to be seeded in the rehabilitation of LGBT members towards recovery to one true self. ABSTRAK Isu transgender yang semakin melonjak merupakan antara yang dihadapi masyarakat dunia umumnya dan masyarakat Malaysia khususnya pada hari ini. Secara jelas perlakuan transgender adalah dilarang di dalam Islam kerana ia melibatkan soal penampilan dan orientasi seksualiti. Namun gejala perlakuan dan tabiat yang bertentangan dengan sistem kehidupan normal seseorang manusia telah menjadi suatu perkara yang biasa dan telah menjadi cara hidup yang diterima oleh masyarakat luar dan kini sedang meresap masuk ke ruang atmosfera kehidupan masyarakat Islam di Malaysia. Gejala ini wajib dibendung bagi menjamin kelestarian kehidupan sosial masyarakat di Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk membawakan pendekatan psikospiritual nabawi untuk diterapkan dalam proses pemulihan golongan transgender kembali kepada fitrah. Kaedah kajian adalah secara kualitatif dengan meneliti hadis-hadis Rasul SAW yang menekankan aspek spiritual individu. Pengkaji mendapati elemen sabar, raja’, khawf dan penghayatan agama adalah merupakan antara elemen penting yang perlu diterapkan sebagai usaha pemulihan untuk golongan LGBT ini kembali kepada fitrah.
The building of a nation-state is very relevant to Malaysia in facing various challenges that take place especially in terms of the diverse cultures, languages, ethnic groups and religions. khususnya dari perspektif kepelbagaian culture, language, etnik dan religion. The building of nation-state stems from the existence of the nation and the nation produces a country. Nation-state is the formation of a country based on the process of national unity and consolidated by the bordering of certain territories as its identity. Malaysia comprising of the community of various ethnic groups has faced many challenges in the process of the building of the nation-state involving language, religion, globalisation and constitutional issues. In the context of Malaysia, the building of a nation-state refers to the people of various ethnicity who need to identify themselves with this country, speak in the national language, and support the constitution which is the highest law of the country containing the 'social contract' that needs to be understood in the effort to unite Malaysians. Thus, this article will analyse the role of the constitution as one of the main elements in the building of a nation-state in Malaysia.
In Malaysia, there is no one institution that can outdo the supremacy of the Federal Constitution. Even the three government bodies that refer to the power separation doctrine which is the legislative, judiciary and executive bodies even the Yang di-Pertuan Agong are under this Federal Constitution. The constitution can be divided into two, written and non-written constitution. The written constitution is the form of constitution that is gathered and arranged in one document. The non-written counterpart encompasses all of the constitutional principles not compiled in one document such as the law endorsed by the Parliament and the verdicts of the court such as in the United Kingdom. Other than the constitution, there are certain practices that are thought to be part of the principles of the constitution. This is known as the Constitutional Convention or the customary practice of the Constitution. Constitutional convention is a non-legislative practice and it is similar to the political ethics and not enforced in court. Although it seems trivial, it is important for this practice to be complied with, otherwise it is difficult for the constitution to work successfully as the constitutional convention cannot be brought to court and forced to be obeyed. Thus, the discussion of this article rests on the constitutional convention in terms of the social contract, the appointment of the Prime Minister, the appointment of the country’s main positions and collective responsibility.
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