Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technologies represent the newest approach for generating electricity (bioelectricity generation) from biomass using bacteria. Bio-electricity generations by MFC have gained considerable attention due to its integration with wastewater treatment. The objectives of the work are to determine the optimisation of MFC's bio-electrochemical process using three different factors and its interaction, and to determine the optimal pH value for acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic by natural mixed culture electroactive bacteria (exoelectrogens) growth in presence and absence of oxygen using MFC. The two-level factorial design is used in order to achieve the main two objectives. The current generation, power generation and maximum power have been monitored. Experimental result shows that the best interaction between these three factors is (-+-) interaction which is the interaction between tryptic soya broth (TSB) , sodium hydroxide as pH controller and resistant of 200 Ω, and the interaction yield the power density of 57.44 mA m-2. The effects between those interactions also have been analysed. The interaction of all parameters that have been used in this experiment is given out the highest significant effect which is a value of effect of 24.56 with a significant F-value of 29.51. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction by MFC treatment data based on the COD effective deduction concept shows that DMP produced lower percentage of COD effective deduction efficiency compared to nDMP. nDMP was 342% to 441% more efficient to deduct COD compared to DMP. nDMP 6.8 recorded the most effective COD deduction by MFC devices at 29.17%.

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an alternative method of renewable energy which have gained considerable attention due to its capability to generate electricity and treat wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent (POME). MFC's mechanism on its electrochemical process is still lacking and further studies is needed. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the compatibility of MFC device in generating electricity by using three different electrodes and (2) to study the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to MFC's performance. In this work, the MFC device is associated with 3 different electrodes which are carbon brush (CB), carbon cloth (CC) and pre-treated carbon cloth (PCC) on its anode chamber. There are 2 types of substrates used in this experiment which are POME with the presence of bacteria (POME+) and POME without bacteria in it (POME-). The experiment was carried out for 120 hours and its power generation was monitored. The experimental result shows that PCC with POME+ yielded the highest power density of 49.88 mW/m 2 at 27 hours as compared to the others. In addition, CC with POME-has the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) deduction which indicates the POME treatment was deducted by 45.93%. NaOH affected the performance of MFC but is insignificant to influence the redox reaction of MFC.Keywords: bio-electricity, fuel cell, wastewater treatment Abstrak Sel Bahan Bakar Mikrob (MFC) merupakan kaedah alternatif tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang mendapat perhatian yang baik kerana kemampuannya menjana elektrik dan merawat air kumbahan seperti sisa kilang minyak sawit (POME). Mekanisma MFC bagi proses elektrokimia masih kurang dan kajian lanjut diperlukan. Objektif kajian ini adalah (1) menentukan kesesuaian peranti MFC dalam menghasilkan elektrik dengan menggunakan tiga elektrod yang berbeza dan (2) untuk mengkaji kesan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) kepada prestasi MFC. Dalam kerja ini, peranti MFC dikaitkan dengan 3 elektroda yang berbeza iaitu berus karbon (CB), kain karbon (CC) dan pra rawatan kain karbon (PCC) di ruang anodnya. Terdapat 2 jenis substrat yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini iaitu POME dengan kehadiran bakteria (POME+) dan POME tanpa bakteria di dalamnya (POME-).