ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan selulosa tongkol jagung pada pembuatan plastik biodegradable, untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sorbitol terhadap sifat mekanik, biodegradabilitas dan ketahanan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu preparasi bahan, pembuatan plastik dengan metode inversi fasa dengan variasi konsentasi plasticizer sorbitol, serta karakterisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan plasticizer sorbitol 30% menghasilkan plastik biodegradable yang lebih baik karena memiliki ketahanan air maksimum yaitu 28,38% dan terdegradasi 90.24% dalam waktu 9 hari. Kuat tarik plastik tertinggi diperoleh pada penambahan plasticizer sorbitol 10% yaitu 2,7750 MPa dan elongasi terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan sorbitol 50% yaitu 16,94% . Hasil interpretasi gugus fungsi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR mengindikasikan adanya gugus OH pada bilangan gelombang 3417 cm-1, pada bilangan gelombang 2935 cm-1 menunjukkan adanya vibrasi CH2 yang merupakan kerangka pembangun struktur selulosa, gugus C-O nampak pada bilangan gelombang 1342 cm-1 dan 1209 cm-1 sedangkan gugus NH2 nampak pada bilangan gelombang 1641 cm-1. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka plastiik biodegradable tongkol jagung yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi SNI.Kata kunci: Plastik, Biodegradable, Sorbitol, Jagung dan Selulosa ABSTRACTA study has been conducted on the utilization of corncob cellulose on synthesis biodegradable plastic. This study aims to determine the effect of plasticizer addition to mechanical properties, biodegradability and water resistance, and to know the right type of plasticizer to produce biodegradable plastic that suits SNI. This research was conducted in several stages, namely material preparation, biodegradable plastic making with phase inversion method with variation of plasticizer concentration of sorbitol, and characterization of biodegradable plastic. The results showed that the addition of 30% of sorbitol produced better biodegradable plastic than because it has maximum water resistance of 28,38 % and degradation 90,24% within 9 days while the highest plastic tensile strength is 2.7750 MPa with concentration of sorbitol 10% and the best elongation of 16.94% concentration of sorbitol 50%. Based on the analysis of functional groups using FTIR spectrophotometer, it can be seen the absorption of the wave number at 3417 cm-1 which indicates the presence of the OH group, the wave number at 2935 cm-1 indicates the existence of vibrations CH2 which is the building framework of cellulose structure, the CO group is seen at wave numbers 1342 cm-1 and 1209 cm-1 whereas NH2 groups at wavelength 1641 cm-1. Based on these data biodegradable plastic corncob do not meet SNI.Keywords: Plastics, Biodegradable, Sorbitol, Corn and Selulose
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