The recent development of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drugs has revolutionized the area of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics but the efficacy and clinical outcome of interferon (IFN)‐free therapy have not been extensively studied yet. We observed a dramatic increase in hypothyroidism among patients treated with sofosbuvir, IFN, and ribavirin. This is the first prospective study of the thyroid dysfunction in DAA drugs treated patients. This study compared the risk of hypothyroidism in two different groups of HCV patients treated with different DAA drugs regimens that were sofosbuvir + pegylated‐IFN‐α + ribavirin and sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin. Our findings highlight the periodic screening of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone and T4 levels in HCV infected patients during the treatment and posttreatment.
Carrot is recognized as a most nutritious vegetable since it contains essential nutrients, vitamins, fibers and minerals required for normal growth and development of all living beings. The quality of vegetables is affected during storage due to ethylene production, respiration, transpiration, growth, development, compositional changes, physiological breakdown, physical damage and pathological breakdown. Under optimal storage conditions carrots can be preserved for 6-8 months without affecting any quality attributes, only if they are not infected by microorganisms producing storage diseases. Internationally, gamma radiation ( 60 Co and 137 Cs) has been proved as a safe and effective technology in extending the shelf life of fresh products. This technology further inhibits the sprouting of vegetables, the growth of pathogens and insects and also sterilizes vegetables and fruits. Gamma irradiation is more effective in the preservation of carrots as compared to the traditional preservation methods including pasteurization, freezing, chemical, refrigeration, or canning processes. Gamma radiation can enhance the trade opportunity and export quality of fruit and vegetables produced in Pakistan. Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation has no undesirable side effects on food and don't cause any change in physico-chemical properties including the nutritional content of the treated product. It is practical in the conditions existing in the country. In Pakistan, food can be stored by incorporating gamma irradiation practically and economically under specific conditions. Hence, radiation is a promising technique for the extension of shelf life and it can contribute towards the economic growth of the country by exporting good quality carrots.
The two antagonists for interleukin-1 (IL-1) system are IL-1α, and IL-1β. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is another naturally occurring non-competitive antagonist. All three antagonists are bound to two receptors that are IL-R1 and IL-1R2. IL-1 is a well-studied pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, stroke, and epilepsy. The existing literature suggests that interleukin-1 (IL-1) biological responses are impeded by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) belonging to interleukin-1 (IL-1) family and a natural IL-1 inhibitor acting as 'receptor antagonist'. Various studies based on different clinical and experimental models suggest that ILantagonism has been reported beneficial in neuropathalogical conditions, whereas, proinflammatory actions of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) seem detrimental. This study was performed to ameliorate the stability of IL-1RA mutants generated by mutagenesis at specific sites like R 6 K 7-AA, R 93 K 94-AA and K 97 R 98-AA. Using pTIG-Trx expression system, mutants were expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) accompanied with the induction of (isopropyl β-D-1thiogalactopyranoside) IPTG. Later on, the purification of recombinant proteins was brought about using SephadexG75 gel filtration chromatography and Ni +2 chelate chromatography. The bioactivity assay result exhibited IL-IRA activity as high as mutants' activity. The characterization of pharmacokinetic profile of IL-1RA apace with its mutants presents the half-life of third mutants 2.11 times longer than that of wt IL-1RA. This experimental study will lead to novel approaches, experiences and baseline data, thus providing basis for further research to outdo and elevate the metabolic stability of IL-1RA.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.