The current research work aimed to describe the roles of ultrasonic power under sono-Fenton process in the degradation of flumequine (FLU) in water. For this purpose, the effects of some parameters including temperature, ferrous ion concentration, chemical oxidant concentration (SO and Cl) and the initial pH value of the reaction kinetics were investigated. Results showed that the degradation of FLU antibiotic was accelerated by ultrasonic irradiation and the presence of an inorganic oxidant. The sono-generation of active species such as hydroxyl radicals (HO and HOO) and sulfate radicals (SO) as strong oxidizing agents improved the FLU degradation. In fact, the peroxydisulfate anion (SO) has been identified as among parameters that enhanced the degradation process. Under optimal conditions, 98% of the flumequine removal was carried out within 80 min at 60 °C.
Lignin complexity molecule makes its biodegradation difficult during lignocellulosic wastes composting. So, the improvement of its biodegradation has usually been considered as an objective. This study aimed to determine the impact of Trametes trogii inoculation on organic matter and particularly on lignin and cellulose during green wastes co-composting with olive mill waste water sludge and coffee grounds. Three types of heaps (H1, H2 and H3) were investigated during 180 d. H3 and H2 were inoculated at the beginning of the process (t0) and 120 d later (t120), respectively while H1 was the control. Results showed the absence of pH stabilization in H3 during the first month. Also, in this period we observed a faster degradation of some easily available organic matter in H3 than in the other heaps. After 120 d, a better cellulose decomposition (25.28%) was noticed in H3 than in H1 and H2 (16%). Inoculation during the second fermentation phase induced supplementary lignin degradation in H2 with a percentage of 35% against 23 and 26% for H1 and H3, respectively. For all the runs, a Fourier Transform Infrared analysis showed aliphatic groups' decrease, OH groups' increase and lignin structural modification.
We examine the average order of some arithmetic functions written as sums over Euler function in arithmetic progression and in general over (()) mod f d b p ϕ ≡ such that p is a prime number, b an integer and f is a polynomial function with integer coefficients and a degree 2 d ≥ that is not constant modulo p. Our results are based on various estimates of rational exponential sums with the Euler Function in arithmetic progression which are due to William Banks and Igor E. Shparlinski.
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