BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer is increasing steadily, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are at the top of the causes of death and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetilogical agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). MethodsThe aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. Main objectives of this study are to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with risk factors of cervix carcinogenesis, with risk factors, were analyze too. Cervical biopsies were performed on women hospitalized at Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods has been used to detect HPV genotypes - SANGERsequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com). Results It this study, patients had multiple infections (co-infections) at all, and the majority of coinfections was High-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (34.37%), 18 (23.29%), 45 (10.75%), 33 (9.94%), 59 (9.09%), (3.97%) and 31 (3.69%). Among co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal among women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was noted. ConclusionPolygamy represents a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association between HPV-High Risk co-infections and cancer stages.
Background Cases of cervical cancer are increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are one of the top causes of death and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) is its aetiological agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). Methods The aim of the study is to analyse the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. The main objective of this study is to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The association with the risk factors of cervin carcinogenesis were analysed as well. Cervical biopsies were performed on the women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods were used to detect HPV genotypes: SANGER sequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com).Results In this study, 24.16% of monoinfections and 75.83% of multiple infections (co-infections) were noted and the majority were at high risk (HR-HPV types). It appears that the HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 45 are the most found in tumors. The most common types of HPV in our study were HPV 16 (100%), 18 (83%), 45 (33%), 33 (31%), 59 (28%), 35 (12%), 31 (11%), 58 (8%), 39 and 73 (4%), 44, 54 and 68 (3%). In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was found and the majority of our patients were on a polygamous diet. Polygamy could therefore be a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women.Conclusion Polygamy could represent a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association was found between high-risk HPV co-infections and cancer stages. However, an increase of our cohort would be necessary to affirm these hypotheses.
BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth commonest cancer affecting female population in the world, and the seventh most common cancer in the general population worldwide [1]. The disease is also the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women with 311,000 associated deaths in 2018. The highest regional incidence and mortality rates are seen in Africa, especially in Eastern (Malawi, with the highest mortality rate; and Zimbabwe) and Western Africa (Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Mali). Globally, it was previously admitted that low-and middle-income countries account for almost 90% of the burden of cervical cancer [2] due to insufficient awareness, lack of effective screening programs, and late clinical presentation. In addition, reports of trends in cervical cancer mortality in these countries have been limited by poor data quality and inaccurate estimates of population [3]. Additionally, in most of these countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, there is no cancer registry. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of cervical cancer that has been detected in 99.7% of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and in 94-100% of cervical adenocarcinoma [4]. HPV is transmitted through sexual intercourse or skin-to-skin genital contact [5], and persistent infection with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) is the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer [6][7][8]. In general, most infections resolve on their own, as the immune response controls infection and prevents progression to precancerous lesions [9]. Papillomaviruses are circular, nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses with a genome length of 8 kb. More than 200 HPV genotypes have been reported and grouped into cutaneous and mucosal types according to their site of infection, and then subdivided into high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) types, depending on their association with a particular infection. Malignant disease (IARC,
Background: Cervical cancer is the first gynecological cancer in Senegal with 1,195 new cases per year and an annual mortality of around 66% (LISCA, 2019). Mitochondrial involvement in the process of apoptosis and tumorigenesis has been analyzed previously from different cancer, and from analyses, 21 sites polymorphisms of the Cox genes (including CoxI, CoxII and CoxIII) contributed to dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory function and have been associated with sensitivity to cancers such as prostate cancer(Green, 1998)(Cavali and Liang, 1998). These data stimulated interest in examining the potential role of mtDNA mutation of host inprogression and maintenance to cancer stades.The aim of thisstudy is to analyse the polymorphism of COXI gene from biopsies of cervical cancer in Senegalese subjects. Methods: In this study, polymorphisms of mitochondrial Cox1 gene were highlighted in 65 patients with cervical cancer women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Clinical and socidemographical data wer recorded.The total DNA of the tissues was extracted using the Standard Qiagen method (Kit QiagenDneasy Tissue), and subsequently used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At all 65 CoxI sequences were edited by Genalys PPC V.5.0.03,-Masasumi et al, 1996), BioEdit version 7.2.0 software (Hall, 1997) and ClustalW algorithm (Thomson et al., 1994).Genetic parameters were determined using DnaSP v5.10,MEGA v7.0.26, MEGA v 7.0.26, and Arlequin V 3.5.13 softwares were used to determine genetic parameters. Genetic variation variation according to epidemiological parameters were deterlined using Fst values (index of genetic differenciation and genetic structure (AMOVA) were determined using Arlequinversion 3.5.13 Results:167 variations including 163 substitutions and 4 deletions were found. Of these, 19 have already been described in other studies and deposited in the MITOMAP database. The Mitochondrial haplogroup U is the most common African haplogroup in this study. 58 transitions sites and 41 transversions sites of CoxI were recored. In this gene, it appears that the haplotypic diversity is higher (Hd = 0.9931 +/-0.048) than that of the nucleotide (Pi) which has a value equal to 0.09227 +/-0.045. Analysis of the mismatch distribution curves (Fig 1) of cancerous tissues under the assumption of an expanding population gives a multimodal appearance
Background In sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer is increasing steadily, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are at the top of the causes of death and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetilogical agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). Methods The aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. Main objectives of this study are to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with risk factors of cervix carcinogenesis, with risk factors, were analyze too. Cervical biopsies were performed on women hospitalized at Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods has been used to detect HPV genotypes - SANGERsequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com). Results It this study, patients had multiple infections (co-infections) at all, and the majority of coinfections was High-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (systematically detected in more than half of our patients), 18 (44%), 45 (33%), 33 (31%), 59 (28%), 35 (12%), 31 (11%), 58 (8%), 39 and 73 (4%), 44, 54 and 68 (3%) and the rest less than 1%. . Among co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal among women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was noted. Conclusion Polygamy represents a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association between HPV-High Risk co-infections and cancer stages.
Background Cases of cervical cancer are increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are one of the top causes of death and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) is its aetiological agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). Methods The aim of the study is to analyse the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. The main objective of this study is to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with the risk factors of cervin carcinogenesis were analysed as well. Cervical biopsies were performed on the women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods were used to detect HPV genotypes: SANGER sequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com). Results In this study, the sample had multiple infections (co-infections), and a majority of the coinfections were high-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (34.37%), 18 (23.29%), 45 (10.75%), 33 (9.94%), 59 (9.09%), (3.97%) and 31 (3.69%). Among the co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal in women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was found. Conclusion Polygamy could represent a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association was found between high-risk HPV co-infections and cancer stages. However, an increase of our cohort would be necessary to affirm these hypotheses.
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