Using biogenic nanoscale metals (Fe, Cu, ZnO, Se) to supplement into diet premix of reproductive LV (a Vietnamese Luong Phuong chicken breed) chickens resulted in certain improvement of poultry farming. The experimental data obtained showed that the farming indices depend mainly on the quantity of nanocrystalline metals which replaced the inorganic mineral component in the feed premix. All four experimental groups with different quantities of the replacement nano component grew and developed normally with livability reaching 91 to 94%, hen's bodyweight at 38 weeks of age and egg weight ranged from 2.53-2.60 kg/hen and 50.86-51.55 g/egg, respectively. All these farming indices together with laying rate, egg productivity and chick hatchability peaked at group 5 with 25% of nanoscale metals compared to the standard inorganic mineral supplement, while feed consumption was lowest. The results also confirmed that nanocrystalline metals Fe, Cu, ZnO and Se supplemented to chicken feed were able to decrease inorganic minerals in the diet premixes at least four times, allowing animals to more effectively absorb feed minerals, consequently decreasing environmental pollution risks.
In dentistry, near-infrared (NIR) technology has been studied for decades that is being applied for the detection of dental damages without using ionizing radiation. Based on the interaction between dental tissue and NIR light such as transmission, absorption, and scattering, the teeth structure, and dental lesions can be observed by NIR images. The aim of this study was to build the dental diagnostic device using NIR light at 850-nm wavelength for detecting the early and hidden dental damages, that are not observed by X-rays. According to the various types of teeth samples, the transillumination and the scattering methods were designed and applied for capturing the teeth structures. The transillumination technique was used for thin teeth such as incisor and canine while the scattering system for observing the occlusal surface. The results show that the areas suspected to be the demineralized enamel are distinctly distinguished from the surrounding sound tissues and especially, the stain and pigmentation don’t appear in the NIR image. The designed device meets some requirements such as simple setup, safety, and affordable price for the purpose of replacement of imported equipment.
In recent years, oral problems are receiving more attention from not only experts but also almost people. If tooth lesions in the early stages, such as white spots, hidden dental caries, and tooth decay, etc., are not detected and treated promptly, they will lead to a risk of tooth loss. There are several common methods to detect tooth lesions such as clinical method, X-rays, and particularly near-infrared method, which is being developed significantly during the past decades. This method is substantially efficient for detecting early lesions by observing infrared images of tooth structures. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) light at 850 nm was used for detecting dental lesions. Enamel is nearly translucent in NIR light, so the lesions located under the enamel layer can be observed due to the interaction between NIR light and demineralized lesions. In addition, the NIR method is not only a safe method but also able to detect dental lesions at the early stage and tooth cracks which X-rays are limited to detect. In dentistry, an accurate diagnosis requires a combination of methods. Nowadays, X-rays are not only the common method but also the gold standard in dentistry, so this study incorporated clinical evaluation and X-rays to make the criteria for dental lesion diagnosis. This article has aimed to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the NIR imaging systems in detecting dental lesions and compare the NIR method to the clinical method combined with X-rays by Cohen's Kappa coefficient using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
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