Promising scientific research in modern dentistry and maxillofacial surgery is focused on solving the issues of long-term and stable results of implant treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with partial or complete absence of teeth in conditions of deficiency of the soft tissue component of the alveolar ridge. Clinicians have proposed a variety of plastic surgery techniques, in which soft tissue defects are simultaneously replaced with a vascularized flap, a revascularized autograft, or by stage-by-stage replacement of a defect with a pedunculated flap, followed by its cut-ting off and modeling, taking into account the individual characteristics of the formed area. The long-term clinical success of dental implantation is largely determined by the functional state and reactive properties of the soft tissues surrounding the implant, which play an important role not only in achieving a highly aesthetic result, but also in preventing complications of implant treatment. The use of an operative multi-stage method for reconstructing the soft tissue component of the alveolar ridge with a mu-coperiosteal vascularized flap from the bone palate, developed on animal biological dummies (pigs), allows you to pre-plan the volume of surgical intervention, as well as the shape of the donor and recipient zones. Topographic and anatomical substantia-tion of the optimal modeling of the mucoperiosteal flap from the bone palate will al-low avoiding excessive donor tissue sampling, minimizing the invasiveness and trauma of surgical intervention, forming a soft tissue buffer zone of the required vol-ume to prevent bone resorption in the peri-implant area, increase the service life of dental implants, increase the reliability of prosthetic designs and long-term operation.
To date, dental implantation is the most common routine way to restore the continuity of dentition. Additional bone augmentation surgery is required in 50-80% of patients. In order to improve the results and reduce the risks of osseointegration, denudation and rejection of bone autografts, various ways of correcting the deficiency of soft tissues of the alveolar ridge are proposed, which include the use of free soft-woven autografts, the low efficiency of which is due to a high shrinkage coefficient.The purpose of the study: to test an experimental model of a vascularized muco-periosteal flap to eliminate the volume deficit of the soft tissues of the alveolar ridge.Material and methods. On the basis of the vivarium of the Stavropol State Agrarian University (StSAU), 15 biological mannequins (heads of female dwarf pigs) were subjected to a pilot experimental study. The study was conducted in accordance with the decision of the local Ethics Committee of the StSAU, as well as the provision of the World Convention on the Protection of Animals and the Procedure for the Treatment of Experimental Animals adopted by the Helsinki Council in 2002.Results. In the course of the study, the technical stages of the tested intervention were clarified, the metric parameters of the elimination of defects of the alveolar ridge were determined.Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to eliminate extended soft tissue defects of the alveolar ridge by increasing the possibility of tissue sampling in the donor bed in a volume not less than 3 times greater than the intake of free palatine flaps.
Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, minor substances that have anti-carcinogenic and detoxifying effects, increasing the adaptive capacity of the body. In case of insufficient consumption of cruciferous with food, some glucosonolates or their derivatives, such as inol‑3-carbinol, can be additionally introduced into the diet. The article discusses the mechanisms of action and the role of indole‑3-carbinol in supporting the reproductive system and adaptive reserves of the body.
The problem of population aging in developed countries poses new challenges for the medical community. Sarcopenia is one of the most common problems that decrease the quality of life of older people and increase the risk of disability and death. Currently, several dietary approaches to the prevention and correction of sarcopenia have been developed. Hydroxymethyl butyrate is one of the innovative substances designed to optimize the diet of elderly patients, primarily those with a sedentary lifestyle or on bed rest.
Currently vitamin K2 is one of the most popular micronutrients among both researchers and practitioners. In addition to its well-known role in the synthesis of coagulation factors, vitamin K2 regulates the deposition of calcium in bone and soft tissues, protecting against the development of osteoporosis and vascular calcification. In recent years, more and more data have been accumulated on its participation in the regulation of key physiological and pathological processes in the body, such as cell division and differentiation, carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. In this review, we analyze the sources of vitamin K2, the mechanisms of its action and influence on metabolism.
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