Resveratrol is a phytochemical with chemopreventive activity in preclinical rodent models of colorectal carcinogenesis. Antiproliferation is one of the many chemopreventive modes of action it has been shown to engage in. Concentrations of resveratrol, which can be achieved in human tissues after p.o. administration, have not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to measure concentrations of resveratrol and its metabolites in the colorectal tissue of humans who ingested resveratrol. Twenty patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer consumed eight daily doses of resveratrol at 0.5 or 1.0 g before surgical resection. Resveratrol was found to be well tolerated. Normal and malignant biopsy tissue samples were obtained before dosing. Parent compound plus its metabolites resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide, resveratrol-4′-O-glucuronide, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, resveratrol-4′-O-sulfate, resveratrol sulfate glucuronide, and resveratrol disulfate were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV or mass spectrometric detection in colorectal resection tissue. Quantitation was achieved by HPLC/UV. Cell proliferation, as reflected by Ki-67 staining, was compared in preintervention and postintervention tissue samples. Resveratrol and resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide were recovered from tissues at maximal mean concentrations of 674 and 86.0 nmol/g, respectively. Levels of resveratrol and its metabolites were consistently higher in tissues originating in the right side of the colon compared with the left. Consumption of resveratrol reduced tumor cell proliferation by 5% (P = 0.05). The results suggest that daily p.o. doses of resveratrol at 0.5 or 1.0 g produce levels in the human gastrointestinal tract of an order of magnitude sufficient to elicit anticarcinogenic effects. Resveratrol merits further clinical evaluation as a potential colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent.

Epidermal growth factor enemas with oral mesalamine for mild-tomoderate left-sided ulcerative colitis or proctitis Sinha, A; Nightingale, JMD; West, KP; Berlanga-Acosta, J; Playford, RJ For additional information about this publication click this link.https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/224 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact scholarlycommunications@qmul.ac.uk original articleThe new england journal of medicine n engl j med 349;4 www.nejm.org

Resveratrol is widely promoted as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent, but a lack of information on the optimal dose prohibits rationally designed trials assessing efficacy. To challenge the assumption that ‘more is better’ we compared the pharmacokinetics and activity of a dietary dose with an intake 200-times higher. The dose response relationship and metabolite profile of [14C]-resveratrol in colorectal tissue of patients helped define clinically achievable concentrations. In ApcMin mice receiving a high-fat diet the low dose supressed intestinal adenoma development more potently than the higher dose. Efficacy correlated with increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and the senescence marker p21. Non-linear dose responses were observed for AMPK and mTOR signalling in adenoma cells, culminating in autophagy and senescence. In human tissues low dietary exposures caused enhanced AMPK phosphorylation, autophagy and expression of the cytoprotective enzyme NQO1. These findings warrant revision of developmental strategies for diet-derived agents for cancer chemoprevention.