This review, which did not exclude the use of concomitant medical therapy, suggests that surgery is beneficial in AERD management. Evidence demonstrates improvement in sinonasal and asthma symptom severity and frequency, radiographic and endoscopy scores, and quality of life after surgery.

The overall incidence of ED visits due to baseball-related facial injuries has decreased over the past 5 years, concurrent with increased societal use of protective equipment. Nonetheless, these injuries remain a common source for ED visits, and a continued effort to utilize safety measures should be made, particularly in youth leagues.

Traumatic TMP represents a common reason for evaluation in the ED. Despite common warnings regarding risk of injury to the tympanic membrane with use of a cotton-tipped applicator, it is still a major cause of traumatic TMPs. Other injury mechanisms also play an important role in the teenage and young adult populations.

HN-MPNSTs are rare entities. This study represents the largest series of HN-MPNSTs to date. Although HN-MPNSTs and other-MPNSTs share a common histology, there are important clinical differences between the 2 groups.

Objective (1) To describe characteristics associated with tracheostomy placement and (2) to describe associated in-hospital morbidity in extremely premature infants. Study Design Pooled retrospective analysis of charts. Setting Academic children’s hospitals. Subjects and Methods The patient records of premature infants (23-28 weeks gestational age) who underwent tracheostomy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed from 4 academic children’s hospitals. Demographics, procedural morbidity, feeding, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at the time of transfer from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were obtained. The contribution of baseline characteristics to mortality, neurodevelopmental, and feeding outcomes was also assessed. Results: The charts of 119 infants were included. The mean gestational age was 25.5 (95% confidence interval, 25.2-25.7) weeks. The mean birth weight was 712 (671-752) g. Approximately 50% was African American. The principal comorbidity was chronic lung disease (92.4%). Overall, 60.5% of the infants had at least 1 complication. At the time of transfer, most remained mechanically ventilated (94%) and dependent on a feeding tube (90%). Necrotizing enterocolitis increased the risk of feeding impairment ( P = .002) and death ( P = .03). Conclusions Tracheostomy in the extremely premature neonate is primarily performed for chronic lung disease. Complications occur frequently, with skin breakdown being the most common. Placement of a tracheostomy does not seem to mitigate the systemic morbidity associated with extreme prematurity.