SUMMARY
We found that exposure of adult animals to caloriedense foods rapidly abolished expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a gene promoting mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum interactions, in white and brown fat. Mfn2 mRN was also robustly lower in obese human subjects compared with lean controls. Adipocyte-specific knockdown of Mfn2 in adult mice led to increased food intake, adiposity, and impaired glucose metabolism on standard chow as well as on a diet with high calorie content. The body weight and adiposity of mature adipocyte-specific Mfn2 knockout mice on a standard diet were similar to those of control mice on a high-fat diet. The transcriptional profile of the adipose tissue in adipocyte-specific Mfn2 knockout mice was consistent with adipocyte proliferation, increased lipogenesis at the tissue level, and decreased glucose utilization at the systemic level. These observations suggest a possible crucial role for mitochondrial dynamics in adipocytes in initiating systemic metabolic dysregulation.
Dog walking is often suggested as an effective modality for improving physical health in elderly Americans. 1 Nonetheless, injury risks associated with dog walking remain obscure. Considering that older patients are more vulnerable to fractures owing to falls or axial muscle compression forces inherent to walking motions, a risk-benefit analysis with respect to dog walking as an exercise alternative is essential to minimizing injury risk. 2 This study represents a comprehensive, up-todate investigation into fracture risk in older adults who use leashes when walking dogs.
Introduction:The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in parallel with demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aims to report obesity trends in primary THA and its effects on procedure outcomes in the United States, stratifying based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Primary THA procedures were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016). Patient demographic (including BMI), primary outcomes (death; serious morbidity), and secondary outcome variables were analyzed. Using BMI comparison groups (Obese: BMI > 30 [O]; Morbidly Obese: BMI > 40 [MO]) for case populations, univariate, propensity score-matched, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence of obesity increased among primary THA (2008: 546/1200 [45.5%], 2016: 16,078/ 34,137 [47.1%]) cases. Data on 135,013 primary THA cases were analyzed. Propensity score-matched analyses demonstrated that both serious morbidity
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