Internet has completely evolved in recent years, and smart devices, such as mobile and IoT devices have become pervasive in the daily life of people. Internet is becoming more social, and Online Social Networking platforms (OSNs) have become part of the real life of people. Current Online Social Media platforms are centralized. Centralization presents several drawbacks, and during the last years several privacy issues have been arisen concerning the control of private data. Indeed, those platforms offer inadequate guarantees where it concerns the privacy of their users. These problems have been confronted by exploiting decentralized solutions. Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) guarantee more control over private data. Thanks to the definition of a Next Generation Internet focused on people, the need for a new generation of Decentralized Online Social Networks, which puts the user at the center of the system, has been arisen. The HELIOS project tackles this issue by introducing a new decentralized paradigm. In this paper, we present the Contextual Ego Network (CEN), a new
Online Social Networking platforms (OSNs) have become part of the real life of people. This is the natural outcome of many centuries of "social media" development answering the deep-rooted need for communication among humans. Existing social media platforms give users the impression that they are in full control of their data. However, it is actually those companies providing those services that have sole authority over a person's information. The need of trusted environment and the privacy issues in OSNs have seen the rise of Decentralized Online Social Networks. However, all of these platforms are far from being useful in real life. Indeed, they fail to address the complexity of social structures, in which we change our roles fluently from one to another leading to different roles in several independent and interconnected contexts. The envision of a Next Generation Internet focused on people is the main topic of the new generation of Decentralized Online Social Networks, which takes into account the main characteristics of the previous generations. In this paper, we present a new idea to model a multilayer P2P Social Overlay which takes into account different actors and relationships to be included in smart environments. Moreover, it is organized in layers, where one layer represents a specific social context of the peer it models. We present a formal definition of the Heterogeneous Ego Network and we show how it works in a general scenario.
Online Social Networking platforms (OSNs) are part of the people's everyday life answering the deep-rooted need for communication among humans. During recent years, a new generation of social media based on blockchain became very popular, bringing the power of the technology to the service of social networks. Steemit is one such and employs the blockchain to implement a rewarding mechanism, adding a new, economic, layer to the social media service. The reward mechanism grants virtual tokens to the users capable of engaging other users on the platform, which can be either vested in the platform for increased influence or exchanged for fiat currency. The introduction of an economic layer on a social networking platform can seriously influence how people socialize. In this work, we tackle the problem of understanding how this new business model conditions the way people create contents. We performed term frequency and topic modelling analyses over the written contents published on the platforms between 2017 and 2019. This analysis lets us understand the most common topics of the contents that appear in the platform. While personal mundane information still appears, along with contents related to arts, food, travels, and sport, we also see emerging a very strong presence of contents about blockchain, cryptocurrency and, more specifically, on Steemit itself and its users. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Social network analysis; Social media; • Computing methodologies → Natural language processing.
Technologies are increasingly intertwined with people's daily lives. Consequently, there is an increasing need to consider the ethical impacts that R&I processes, both in commercial and non-commercial contexts, bring about. However, current methods that offer tools for practicing ethics in R&I inadequately allow for non-ethicists such as engineers and computer scientists to practise ethics in a way that fits the character of their work. As a response, we propose a tool for identifying ethical impacts of R&I that is inspired by a method for the generation of business models, the Business Model Canvas. This tool, the Ethics Canvas, allows researchers to engage with the ethical impacts of their R&I activities in a collaborative manner by discussing the different building blocks that together comprise a comprehensive ethical interpretation of a technology. To assess the perceived usefulness of the Ethics Canvas, a classroom experiment was conducted, followed-up by a questionnaire. The results suggest that the Ethics Canvas (1) is perceived as useful for identifying relevant stakeholders and potential ethical impacts and (2) might trigger changes in technology designs or business models. Keywords: Ethics Canvas • Applied ethics • Responsible research and innovation • Practising ethics research and innovation (R&I) processes and their outcomes. In academic R&I settings, ethical considerations are typically mediated by professional codes of conduct and more or less bureaucratic "ethics clearance" procedures. In commercial R&I settings, ethical considerations are far less systemised and are often predominantly effectuated through legal requirements (e.g. data protection regulation). Both in and outside academia R&I, practices show considerable shortcomings because they are usually reactive, not suitable for anticipating potential ethical impacts and not in accordance with the notion of ethics as a reflective activity. Accordingly, there is a need for developing new methods and tools to guide the practice of ethics in R&I processes, which has led to a burgeoning literature on practising ethics in R&I. This paper proposes a novel tool for discussing ethical impacts in the process of R&I. We conceptualise the R&I process as consisting of four distinct stages: (1) the formation of (scientific) knowledge and concepts that can be operationalized for technological applications, (2) the translation of this knowledge into a technology design, (3) the prototyping and testing of this design and (4) the introduction of the R&I outcomes into society [1]. Each of these stages of the R&I process can bring about distinct ethical impacts. However, existing methods that offer tools for practicing ethics in R&I do not adequately facilitate the discussion of these impacts amongst R&I practitioners 1. Below, we identify an important shortcoming in existing methods for practicing ethics in R&I. In order to improve the way ethics is currently dealt with in R&I processes we then propose a novel tool that enables R&I practitioners to engage with...
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