Ranch and livestock sector impacts are estimated for a 10% reduction in grazing on federal lands in the West to protect threatened and endangered species. Two sets of species are considered. One set targets species listed due to grazing and the other targets species whose recovery plans include restrictions on grazing. Using the former set and assuming no substitution between alternative sources of forage, the grazing restriction reduces annual ranch and livestock sector incomes by $54.4 and $83.7 million, respectively. For the latter set, the decreases in ranch and livestock sector incomes are $47.7 and $73.4 million, respectively.
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