In this study, we evaluated antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in the
mucosal and systemic compartments and protection against challenge with a nephropathogenic
Brazilian (BR-I) strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens submitted to a
vaccination regime comprising a priming dose of heterologous live attenuated Massachusetts
vaccine followed by a booster dose of an experimental homologous inactivated vaccine two
weeks later. This immunization protocol elicited significant increases in serum and
lachrymal levels of anti-IBV IgG antibodies and upregulated the expression of CMI response
genes, such as those encoding CD8β chain and Granzyme homolog A in tracheal and kidney
tissues at 3, 7, and 11 days post-infection in the vaccinated chickens. Additionally,
vaccinated and challenged chickens showed reduced viral loads and microscopic lesion
counts in tracheal and kidney tissues, and their antibody and CMI responses were
negatively correlated with viral loads in the trachea and kidney. In conclusion, the
combination of live attenuated vaccine containing the Massachusetts strain with a booster
dose of an inactivated vaccine, containing a BR-I IBV strain, confers effective protection
against infection with nephropathogenic homologous IBV strain because of the induction of
consistent memory immune responses mediated by IgG antibodies and TCD8 cells in the
mucosal and systemic compartments of chickens submitted to this vaccination regime.
Artigo enviado em 19/11/2014, aceito para publicação em 27/06/2015.
RESUMOAs infecções pós-cirúrgicas em hospitais veterinários vêm se tornando frequente e muitas vezes são desconhecidas suas causas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os micro-organismos mais frequentes no sítio cirúrgico e testar as suas sensibilidades in vitro para diferentes antibióticos. Foram utilizados 35 animais submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos. As amostras foram coletadas com swabs na região cutânea das incisões cirúrgicas antes e após a anti-sepsia e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. Amostras ambientais foram obtidas através de placas com ágar sangue, posicionadas sob os panos de campo durante todo o procedimento. As colônias provenientes do crescimento bacteriano foram contadas e identificadas, sendo os gêneros mais frequentes submetidos ao antibiograma pela técnica de discodifusão. Foram identificados seis gêneros distintos de bactérias provenientes do sítio cirúrgico, sendo os mais freqüente Staphylococcus spp. O antibiograma mostrou a eficiência predominante da clindamicina em todas as amostras e sensibilidade parcial à cefalexina. Foi possível estabelecer um cálculo em que a contaminação bacteriana esteve relacionada em função do tempo do procedimento cirúrgico durante a primeira hora. O estudo reafirmou a importância do conhecimento dos micro-organismos presentes em sítios cirúrgicos veterinários bem como a vigilância destes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cirurgia, infecção, microbiota, pequenos animais.
RESUMOThe post-surgical infections in veterinary hospitals is becoming increasingly frequent and are often unknown causes. This work had as objective identify the microorganisms most frequently at the surgical site and test their sensitivities to different antibiotics in vitro. The study included 35 animals submitted to elective surgical procedures. Samples were collected using sterile swabs in the region of cutaneous surgical incisions before and after antisepsis and the end of the surgical procedure. The environmental samples were obtained from blood agar plates positioned under the draping throughout the procedure. The colonies from the bacterial growth were identified and counted, and the genres frequently subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion technique. We identified six different genera of bacteria from the site of surgery, and the most frequent Staphylococcus spp. The antibiogram testing showed the predominant efficiency of Clindamycin in all samples and sensitivity partial to Cephalexin. It was possible to establish a calculation that bacterial contamination was associated with time of the surgical procedure during the first hour. The study reaffirmed the importance of knowledge of micro-organisms present in veterinary surgical sites as well as monitoring these.
Abstract.A competitive liquid-phase-blocking concanavalin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LPB-ConA-ELISA) was developed in the current study. The assay used ConA as a capture reagent, and the sera of specific pathogen-free chickens immunized with nonpurified Newcastle disease virus (NDV) suspension as detector antibodies, to detect and quantify specific antiviral antibodies in serum samples from free-ranging pigeons. The comparison between the LPB-ConA-ELISA and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the detection of antibodies in serum samples from 107 pigeons showed significant correlation between the assays (r = 0.875), a high sensitivity (100%), specificity (95.8%), accuracy (96.3%) for the ELISA, and good agreement (κ = 0.83) between the 2 assays. The results of this study suggest that the LPB-ConA-ELISA could be a useful alternative to HI test in the serodiagnosis of NDV in pigeons, or other species of birds.
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