С незапамятных времен люди использовали природу для лечения различных заболеваний. Лекарственные растения характеризуются сложным химическим составом и широким спектром действия. Есть много интересных материалов о лекарственных растениях, изучение которых позволит победить многие болезни. Одним из таких интересных растений является одуванчик. Распространенными видами одуванчика в Грузии являются: T. serotinum, T. porphyranthum, T. lenuisectum, T. confusum, T. praticolum, T. grossheimii, T. steveni, T. vulgare, T. litvinovii. Эти виды отличаются друг от друга в основном длиной цветочного стебля, окраской, количеством лепестков в корзинке, формой семени, наличием опушения у корневой шейки. Нами в окрестности Кутаиси, в частности Мухранском и Аджаметских лесах, на территории заповедника Сатаплия, были обнаружены два вида одуванчика Taraxaccum officinale sativum и Taraxacum vulgaris. Эти виды отличаются формой лепестка и высотой цветочного стебля. Оба вида создают вблизи себя хабитаты (среда обитания) и занимают довольно большую территорию. Мы продолжаем исследование в этом направлении, изучим другие регионы Имерети и постепенно охватим всю западную Грузию. При работе над научной литературой установлено, что использование одуванчика возможно для фитотестирования степени антропогенного загрязнения городских территорий. // Since time immemorial people have been using nature for the treatment of various diseases. Medicinal plants are characterized by the complex chemical composition and a wide spectrum of action. There are many interesting materials about medicinal plants, the study of which will allow us to overcome many diseases. One such interesting plant is dandelion. The most common species of dandelion in Georgia are: T. serotinum, T. porphyranthum, T. lenuisectum, T. confusum, T. praticolum, T. grossheimii, T. steveni, T. vulgare, T. litvinovii. These species differ in such respects as: the flower stem length, the number of petals in the crown, the color, the shape of the seed, and the presence of tufts at the root neck. We have found two species of dandelion such as Taraxacum officinale sativum and Taraxacum vulgaris around the city of Kutaisi, in particular in the forests of Mukhrani and Ajameti, in the Sataplia Nature Reserve. These species differ in the shape of flower, the height of flower stem. Both form habitats close to each other and cover a fairly large area. We continue research in this direction, and we will study other districts of Imereti region and we will cover the whole of western Georgia. While working on the scientific literature, it was found that dandelion can be used for phyto-testing the degree of anthropogenic pollution of urban areas.
Gender linguistics studies the gender-neutral aspect in detail that is usually manifested in a language. One of its provisions tells us that language not only possesses such qualities as anthropocentrism (human orientations) is, but it also implies androcentrism, that is, that it presents a picture of the world based on a masculine viewpoint, in the form of a man (as a personality). The manifestation of such gender asymmetry in the language leads to unequal representation of persons of different sexes and is considered to be intolerant, especially among the members of a foreign language culture.In our paper we deal with the peculiarities of gender-neutral language in English and French linguo-cultures, determine the similarities - the differences between gender-neutral lexis and try to show the cases in which they occur in the process of language interaction. It should be noted that the requirements of political correctness, which are due to non-linguistic reasons, play an important role in the language policy of any country.In conclusion, it should be admitted that in English and French linguistics, the priority to the designation of women in the professional field is given in different ways. Neutral forms are more common (and therefore more widespread) in English whereas in French, however, the forms with inflectional changes or analytical structures of generating nouns are more preferable. Anyway, in European society, language policy and the use of gender-neutral language are greatly influenced by political correctness requirements due to extralinguistic reasons.
Phraseologisms are used in everyday speech, in works of art, in journalism. They give expression to utterances and are the means of creating images. Phraseologisms have their specificities in every language, they reflect and represent the national mentality, the consciousness of perception of the surrounding world and its expression lexically and grammatically; The peculiarities of the use of phraseological units are also very important. The purpose of the present article is to study and analyze phraseologisms in terms communicative perspectives of foreign language teaching. When mastering a foreign language, it is inevitable to come across the difficulties in understanding authentic texts containing phraseological units, including proverbs, sayings, and comparisons.
Idioms remain a peculiar composition of specific lexical units, which differ from the words. The use of a word in an idiomatic unit is only its specific case. The particular colouring of the given units creates special (different from the word) possibilities for its appliance for emotional-expressive purpose.Idiomatic expressions are firm combinations that adorn speech. These inseparable structures, which have lexical meaning, define phenomena, features, states, and signs. They are called alternations that are freely divided into constituent parts. Moreover, these elements are independent and have some meaningful significance. Idiomatic expressions are considered to be such linguistic units that are represented as groups of words and are not often predetermined by structure and by meaning in particular.Research materials have been selected and taken from the French and English explanatory (monolingual) and phraseological dictionaries.The specificity of phraseological semantics is determined by the fact that phraseological units reflect not the fragment of reality named by the word-components, but give us information about the world obtained as a result of the secondary nomination. The highest function of phraseological units and idiomatic vocabulary is expressiveness. Phraseologisms mainly serve the emotional sphere of language.The origins of idiomatic units in both French and English, as well as in other languages, are varied. Their images have been derived from various spheres of material, cultural and socio-economic life of Nations. They (the units) reflect the history, existence and culture, their spirituality and the way of thinking. Phraseologisms are considered to be one of the most striking manifestations of the national-cultural specificity of a language.Idioms with a positive evaluation (i.e. phraseologisms that refer to a person and his/her positive characteristics) are used in ordinary expressions to describe what another person is. Idioms implying a personality are mostly historically conditioned.To sum up, from the above idiomatic expressions, we can conclude that most of these units carry a negative connotation of the physiological and psychological aspects of a person.
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