Maintenance and inspection functions in a refinery are the backbone for safe and reliable plant operations and play a pivotal role in efficiently achieving the desired production target and profitability for the company. Maintenance functions in the refinery include mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, and civil functions, which are responsible for monitoring, repair, and maintenance of equipment in the respective defined areas. Inspection is responsible for certification of quality adherence on the repair and maintenance activities through monitoring of static equipment functioning during plant operations. Fulfillment of statutory requirements and liaison with regulatory bodies, failure analysis, and remaining life assessment of plant equipment to establish a repair replacement plan in advance for reliable plant operations, metallurgy upgrading, etc., are also performed by inspection. On the basis of the process condition, on-stream monitoring of all critical equipment is decided by an individual group and monitored religiously. Preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance, a structured repair system, and full-fledged plant shut-down management must be reliable. Each type of maintenance activity that needs to be followed in an operating refinery or when the plant or units have been shut down per plan is covered in detail in this chapter. In case of electrical and instrument equipment, emphasis is placed on explaining the maintenance activities required to be performed on all major equipment along with general guidelines to be followed for making systems more reliable. The chapter covers various methods of inspection techniques being followed in a refinery, including the detailed observations to be made with each piece of equipment. The chapter also includes important sample checklists that are used for recording observations while inspecting equipment or when the maintenance activity is being performed.
Abstract: Mobile Cloud computing is define as the new paradigm, and in this new paradigm computational power is on demand service and accessible through mobiles and tablets. When user decides to go towards cloud computing, there is a risk of losing control on his own data. So providing security of the data during transmission and when saved on the cloud storage is a major issue. Any application relying upon an emerging technology should consider the different possible threats. The principal reason why people are afraid of using Cloud technology is that data security and integrity among all other issues involved in Cloud technology constitute a great challenge. As data security issues, access control as well as key management are also a reason why Cloud technology is not widely adopted. In mobile cloud computing, the security related to data involving data integrity, confidentiality, availability and traceability is the most critical concern of cloud users. As now mobile cloud is changing how users used to work over the network, by helping them in terms of cost and reduction of tasks complexity. Hence, it is very important for the user to be ensured that the transmission of the data is secure, that the consistency as well as the storage of the data on the cloud provider side is secured. Hence the necessity for developing trust security model is demanding.
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