In acute hypercapnic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, the Ward model of NIV care achieved equivalent clinical outcomes, whilst being more cost-effective than HDU or ICU models.

This is the first case series to describe the use of domiciliary NIV post-LTx. Patients commenced on NIV post-LTx had severely impaired lung function and severe hypercapnia. Patients with diaphragmatic palsy often recovered. The mortality rate was high in chronic allograft dysfunction.