Allophylus serratusmediated silver nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity were described. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by visual observation: UV-Vis spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy studies showed that the absorption spectra of synthesized silver nanoparticles from leaf and callus extracts had absorbance peak range of 440 nm and 445 nm, respectively. The X-RD pattern revealed the presence of crystalline, dominantly spherical silver nanoparticles in the sample having size ranging from 42 to 50 nm. The XRD peaks 38.2°, 44.1°, 64.1°, and 77.0° for leaf extract and 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.5°, 77.5°, and 81.33° for callus extract can be assigned the plane of silver crystals (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively, and indicate that the silver nanoparticles are face-centered, cubic, and crystalline in nature. SEM and EDS analysis also confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR results showed the presence of some biomolecules in extracts that act as reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticles biosynthesis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity againstKlebsiella pneumoniaeandPseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Allophylus serratus is an important medicinal plant whose leaves, fruits, roots and stem have been in use in traditional medicines. The present study is aimed to carry out preliminary phytochemical analysis and to determine antioxidant activity of leaf and callus water, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of A. serratus. The extracts were subject to various qualitative and quantitative tests for phytochemical analysis. An in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS++,(2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiozoline)-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAPS(Ferric reducing/ antioxidant power)  assays. The qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycocides, saponins, tannins, and steroids in both leaf and callus extracts. The quantitative analysis result showed higher yields of phenolics (104.73±4.3 mg) followed by flavonoids (69.63±6.35 mg) and soluble tannins (69.59±1.27mg) equivalent gallic acid/g of methanol, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. In case of callus extracts, the highest yield is phenols (54.42±6.59gm) followed by flavonoids (39.17±6.35 gm) equivalent gallic acid/g of methanol extracts. The antioxidant activity assays of both leaf and callus extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity which could be due to high content of phenolics and flavenoids. The methanol extract showed more antioxidant potential than the other extracts of both leaf and callus but leaf extracts show significant antioxidant activity than the callus extracts. Therefore, both leaf and callus extracts of Allophylus serratus contain phytochemicals that are potential source for antioxidant which suggested that the plant could serve as a source of useful drugs.

Allophylus serratus is a medicinal plant used traditionally as anti-inflammatory agent. The main objectives of this study are to identify phytochemical compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties from the leaf extracts of Allophylus serratus and to search for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitors through molecular docking. From the GC-MS analysis of leaf extracts of this plant, various phytochemicals were identified. About 10of these phytochemical compounds were analyzed for their drug likeliness based on Lipinski's rule of five and inhibitor property against the cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme, a protein responsible for inflammationThe phytochemical compounds which satisfy the Lipinski's rule such as 2,4a,5,6,7,5,5,(R) and Sulfurous acid, dipentyl ester were subjected to docking experiments using AutoDock Vina. The results from molecular docking study revealed that 1H-Benzocycloheptene, 2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-, (R)-, Sulfurous acid, dipentyl ester and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester bind effectively to the active site region of COX-2 with a binding energy of -8.9, -8.4, and -7.9, respectively. The binding energy of the phyto-compounds were compared with the known antiinflammatory drug Diclofenac that inhibit COX-2 enzyme. It was found that the phytochemical compounds from leaf extracts of Allophylus serratus have strong inhibitory effect on COX-2 enzyme and as a result they have potential anti-inflammatory medicinal values. Thus the study puts forth experimental validation for traditional antidote and these phyto-compounds could be further promoted as potential lead molecule.

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