Background: The essential oils of aromatic plants are increasingly used as new biocontrol alternative agents against microbial strains and insect pests of fruits and vegetables, because of their specificity of biodegradable nature. Objective: This work, treats for the first time the chemical composition, antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities of the essential oils obtained from Echinops spinosus and Carlina vulgaris from Algeria. Methods: The chemical compositions of oils were investigated using GC-FID and GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using three methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and β-carotene assay). Fumigation toxicity of E. spinosus and C. vulgaris essential oils was tested against Bactrocera oleae pests of olives. Results: Eighteen and thirteen components representing 95.4 and 97.9% were identified in root essential oils from Echinops spinosus and Carlina vulgaris, respectively. Polyacetylenes were the majority compounds of essential oils. 5.(But-1-yn-3-enyl).2,2′.bithiophene and α-terthienyle were highly dominants in the E. spinosus essential oil from the roots (54.4 and 26.3%, respectively). Roots of C. vulgaris produce an essential oil dominated by carlina oxide (33.7%) and 13-methoxy carlina oxide (11.5%). Comparison of the antioxidant activity of E. spinosus essential oil showed more important antioxidant effect than C. vulgaris essential oil and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Evaluation of the antifungal activity showed an interesting efficiency of both essential oils against P. expansum and A. niger with EC50s varied from 5 to 14.5 mg/L. C. arvensis essential oil exhibited good larvicidal properties. At the concentration of 325 μL/L air, the oil caused mortality of 100% for Bactrocera Oleae adults after 24 h of exposure. Conclusion: Both essential oils rich to polyacetylenes and polythiophenes.components have shown interesting biological activities, which suggests that plants have the potential to be used as biopesticides and provide an alternative to chemical pesticides.
Background: Mentha species are commonly used in traditional medicine for their several pharmacological properties. Mentha species are also used as spice and are known for their bactericidal, antiviral and fungicidal properties. Objectives: The main objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity and fumigation toxicity of essential oils of Mentha spicata, M. pulegium, M. piperita and M. rotundifulias against fungi and Bactrocera oleae insect responsible for olive rot. Methods: Essential oils of the four Mentha species were extracted by a Clevenger-type apparatus. Their antifungal activity was tested using radial growth technique, and their insecticidal activity was examined by fumigant test. Results: Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main components of the four Mentha essential oils. All the essential oils presented antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria spp. and Penicillium spp. At the highest concentration (15 µL/mL air), essential oil of M. pulegium caused 100% mortality after 1.5 h of exposure. However, for M. piperita and M. rotundifulia essential oils, 25 µL/mL air was required to have mortality of 100%. Conclusions: The essential oils could act as antifungal agents and fumigants against B. oleae.
Background: Atractylis gummifera is a cosmopolitan species that is particularly abundant in the Mediterranean regions. It has been used to treat many diseases, including intestinal parasites, ulcers, snakebite poisoning, hydrops and drowsiness. As part of our research program on natural compounds with biological activities, the objective of this study was to determine for the first time the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Atractylis gummifera during beginning of the vegetative cycle (March), beginning of the flowering stage (April) and full bloom (May/June). Methods: The essential oils were obtained by means of hydrodistillation and its components were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant properties were evaluated using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) β-carotene bleaching assay. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oils was investigated against five plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of essential oils was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil produced from the plant taken at the beginning of the vegetative cycle (March) had a high level of non-terpenic aliphatic compounds. On the other hand, the essential oil obtained during the period from the beginning of the flowering stage (April) showed that its proportion of non-terpene compounds decreased and that of sesquiterpene compounds increased. Finally, the essential oils obtained during the period from full bloom (May/June) consisted mainly of acetylene compounds such as carlina oxide and 13-methoxy carlina oxide. The results showed that essential oils from plants at full bloom presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while essential oil produced from plants at the beginning of the vegetative cycle (Mars) and at the beginning of the flowering stage (April) had better insecticidal activity. Conclusion: The data presented here constitutes new findings in the field of the chemical characterization and biological potential of A. gummifera.
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