Abstract. Japan is currently facing serious issues associated with an aging society and negative population growth. Urban structures, remnants of economic prosperity, are now hindrances to sustainable urban development, driving municipalities to seek efficient methods to manage this growth. Japanese municipalities continuously conduct surveys to collect data for urban planning purposes. However, lack of standardization and poor visualization tools prevent coordination and consensus-building among stakeholders during the planning process. The "i-Urban Revitalization" (i-UR) is an information infrastructure promoted by the Japanese government expected to enable municipalities to analyze and visualize their goals related to that process.This paper presents the implementation of i-UR. One approach employed for data standardization is to develop a CityGML Application Domain Extension (ADE) for urban planning that covers detailed attributes of city objects and mechanisms for global representation and analysis necessary for urban planning. The effectiveness of this ADE is being evaluated through data implementation and visualization experiments conducted in three municipalities in Japan. A prototype for the proposed "AR Consensus-formation system" is being developed for further utilization of the ADE. In addition, Ideathon events are being held to develop human resources in municipalities to promote urban revitalization and facilitate i-UR use. The ADE and i-UR tools described in this paper are expected to evolve based on feedback from users and experimental results.
The environmental DNA (eDNA) method is being increasingly applied in various environments. Although eDNA undergoes rapid degradation in aqueous environments, it has been detected in streams up to 10 km downstream from its source. As environmental bacteria can uptake free DNA, transfer their genetic traits, and amplify, there is a potential risk that they, rather than a target aquatic species, could become a source of measured eDNA. This study examined whether bacteria with incorporated fish DNA could be such a source by investigating the detectability of fish DNA generated by bacteria inhabiting river water and riverbed sediment. We attempted to detect common carp (Cyprinus carpio) eDNA in stream water and sediment samples and the DNA of common carp produced by bacterial colonies (Escherichia coli, total coliform, and heterotrophic bacteria) cultured from the samples. The eDNA was detected in the environmental samples but the carp DNA from the targeted bacteria was rarely detected in both water and riverbed sediment samples. Our results suggest that the risk of bacterium-induced false positive detection for fish eDNA is negligible.
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