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Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a dialkyl diselenide with 1‐bromo‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene and sodium borohydride in EtOH/THF proceeded chemoselectively in the presence of a thiol, an amine, and a carboxylic acid. ε‐N,N,N‐Trimethyllysine derivative was synthesized from selenohomocysteine dimer by the present arylation, oxidation, cross‐metathesis with 4‐iodobutene, reduction, and substitution with trimethylamine.

Fine motor dysfunction and cognitive impairments commonly develop after stroke, which greatly impact the daily lives of patients. In current occupational therapy, hand dexterity and cognitive functions are evaluated individually (e.g., by manipulation of small objects with ngers, or a paper-and-pencil test), which is insuf cient for therapists to grasp the total ability of combined dexterity and cognition in everyday situations. Additionally, the traditional methods require a tester to measure the completion time manually and tend to be monotonous for patients. These problems would be solved using technology. This study aimed to develop a new electric pegboard (e-Peg) prototype and to investigate preliminary utility in healthy adults. The system judges the peg insertion accuracy based on magnetism and records the time course and scores, which are linked to human object manipulation ability. The e-Peg executes three types of tasks: a basic color matching task (BT), a color comparison task using a pattern sheet (CT), and a visual memory task (MT), with one/two-color sample patterns. Six older and nine younger healthy adults performed the e-Peg tasks, functional tests, and responded to questionnaires. As a result, the number of correct answers in a bicolor symmetrical MT were signi cantly greater in the younger group than in the older group. The older group required a signi cantly longer completion time for BT and CT than the younger group. Signi cant correlations were found between one-color BT/ CT and dexterity tests, between bicolor BT/CT and dexterity/cognitive tests, and between a bicolor MT and a cognitive test. Questionnaire results revealed that participants regarded BT/CT as easy/interesting tasks, whereas MT was considered a dif cult/challenging task. In conclusion, our e-Peg is potentially a useful rehabilitation device that facilitates many tasks related to hand manipulation and attention/executive functions, and a valuable tool for personalized therapy.

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An optical triode switch using phase change material (PCM) operating as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or as a directional coupler (DC) is proposed. The characteristics of optical triode switches are calculated by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) and Ge 2 Sb 2 Se 4 Te 1 (GSST) are used as the PCM. In our calculation models, the signal light has a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the phase of the PCM is controlled by light with a wavelength of 1300 nm input into additional waveguides. In the MZI-type triode switch, PCM patches are laid on several crossings between the signal waveguides and the control waveguides. The DC-type triode switch consists of three parallel waveguides, and the control light is input to the center waveguide which has the PCM layer on it. The structures are optimized to have low loss and low crosstalk. In addition, the energy and pulse power required to change the phase are estimated for both types of switches.

The novel cycloaddition reaction of ylides (I) with aryl‐substituted olefins (e.g.