BackgroundThis cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between the number of remaining teeth to mild memory impairment (MMI), which is a preclinical stage of dementia, and to cognitive impairment.MethodsThe subjects were aged 65 years or older and were grouped according to their score for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the three-word delayed recall test in the MMSE, and the Geriatric Depression Scale into the control group (n = 3,696), the MMI group (n = 121), and the low MMSE score (23 or lower) group (n = 214). We collected data on the number of remaining teeth, the length of the edentulous period, health-related lifestyle, medical history, blood pressure, height, and body weight. Fasting venous blood samples were also obtained.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for depressive symptoms, age, sex, length of education, and other explanatory variables, revealed that the odds ratios of 0-10 remaining teeth to 22-32 remaining teeth were 1.679 (95% CI 1.073-2.627) for MMI and 2.177 (95% CI 1.510-3.140) for a low MMSE score. A significant relationship was also found between the length of the edentulous period and the risk of a low MMSE score (odds ratio 3.102, 95% CI 1.432-6.720) (15 years or more/less than 15 years).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that tooth loss is associated with cognitive function.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes induced compensatory hyperphagia by reducing fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion. This prospective study was performed in 26 type 2 diabetes patients treated with dapagliflozin (5 mg/day). Hormonal factors associated with glucose metabolism, dietary intakes estimated by brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ), body weight (BW), and body composition were measured at baseline, and 4 and 12 weeks after dapagliflozin. At 12 weeks, HbA1c levels and BW decreased significantly (both p < 0.0001). BMI at baseline was predictive to baseline log 10 (FGF21) (p = 0.037). This study showed no change in FGF21, but insulin and glucagon levels decreased significantly (both p < 0.05). Although hyperphagia was found in 10 patients (38.5%), defining hyperphagia as >20% increase in carbohydrate intake, dapagliflozin treatment induced no hyperphagia, when analyzed by all subjects, and there was no significant association between changes in FGF21 levels and carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, a positive correlation between changes in FGF21 levels or carbohydrate intake and BW was observed (both p < 0.005). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the intervention to maintain the reduced levels in FGF21 is beneficial for BW reduction in type 2 diabetes patients treated with SGLT2i.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.