A proanthocyanidin-free (ant-free) barley with improved quality, Mokkei 92-130, was bred from the cross between Ant 13-347, an ant-free mutant and Haruna Nijo, a Japanese malting barley variety. The malting and brewing quality of the line are described in this paper, while its agronomic performance will be summarised elsewhere. Mokkei 92-130 achieved high levels in some malting quality character including hot water extract, diastatic power and apparent attenuation limit, which were significantly low in most of the ant-free lines and varieties previously reported. Cell wall degradation was also improved. Overall malting quality was found to be satisfactory in Mokkei 92-130. Pilot-scale brewing trials showed that Mokkei 92-130 had superior colloidal stability (less haze formed) in its final beer compared with the normal counterparts. Beer brewed with ant-free barley at a pilot-scale performed as well as the standard production in sensory evaluations soon after bottling, although it was rated poorer than the control after one month storage at ambient temperature.Key Words: Proanthocyanidin-free, malting quality, haze, colloidal stability, flavour, flavour stability. Proanthocyanidins present in the testa (seed coat) of were significantly lower levels of extract4 '7'10'11'19'22'27'28, barley kernel are considered to be the most potent of the diastatic power2-4'11'22-27-29 and apparent attenuation haze causing polyphenols2-814-15'20'23. There are two limit2-22-25'29 than current commercial varieties. In recent practical ways for brewers to achieve high physical or reports, however, acceptable levels of diastatic power colloidal stability of beer; one is pitching silica gel or have been achieved25-28. Incomplete cell wall degrading enzyme to remove or degrade proteins, the degradation was also observed; resulting in high extract other is to absorb polyphenols to difference2-4-7-10'11'27, low friability25-27, high polyvinylpolypyrolidons (PVPP)14-18'20. Alternatively viscosity25'27-29 and high wort beta-glucan4-22. The proanthocyanidin-free (ant-free) barley might be used as finished beer brewed from the malt of an ant-free line raw material. In such barley, the biosynthesis pathway was rated poorly in sensory evaluation22. However, no of proanthocyanidins is genetically blocked. Overall this detrimental effects were also reported on the final beer represents a more natural and potentially inexpensive from the other ant-free lines29, and acceptable flavour step forward in colloidal stability of beer22. and flavour stability was reported for another line13.Since the first report of an ant-free barley mutant in Because of these defects, no ant-free line or variety has 197616, many ant-free barley lines have been produced been widely grown even though it may contribute to through mutagenesis. As had been expected, beer brewed superior colloidal stability in beer. The genes coding antfrom the malt of these mutants and even of their free characteristics appear to have a negative effect on such progenies exhibited improve...
FUKUDA, K. and SAKAMOTO, S. 1992. Studies on unreduced gamete formation in hybrids between tetraploid wheats and Aegilops squarrosa L. -Hereditas 116 253-255. Lund, Sweden.Five accessions of Aegilops squarrosa L. were crossed to nine of tetraploid wheat, and 18 combinations of normal F, hybrids were obtained. Their meiosis and the frequency of unreduced gamete formation were observed. From cytological observations, unreduced gametes were formed as follows; restitution of the first meiotic division, and normal second division followed by formation of dyads which developed into two fertile 2n pollen grains. Unreduced gametes were formed with high frequency in the following cases; ( I ) when Triticum carthlicum Nevski was used as female and Ae. squarrosa ssp. strangdata Eig or var. meyeri Griseb. was used as male; (2) when spikes headed relatively later; (3) in spikes of secondary or subsequent tillers. The high frequency of unreduced gamete formation in F, hybrids between T. carthlicum and ssp. strangdata or var. meyeri is genetically controlled.
Five accessions of Aegilops squarrosa L. were crossed to nine of tetraploid wheat, and 18 combinations of normal F1 hybrids were obtained. Their meiosis and the frequency of unreduced gamete formation were observed. From cytological observations, unreduced gametes were formed as follows; restitution of the first meiotic division, and normal second division followed by formation of dyads which developed into two fertile 2n pollen grains. Unreduced gametes were formed with high frequency in the following cases; (1) when Triticum carthlicum Nevski was used as female and Ae. squarrosa ssp. strangulata Eig or var. meyeri Griseb. was used as male; (2) when spikes headed relatively later; (3) in spikes of secondary or subsequent tillers. The high frequency of unreduced gamete formation in F1 hybrids between T. carthlicum and ssp. strangulata or var. meyeri is genetically controlled.
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