RESUMENCon la denominación enfermedad linfoproliferativa postrasplante (ELPT) se conoce un grupo de trastornos que se pueden presentar con posterioridad al trasplante de órganos sólidos, con incidencia variable dependiendo del tipo de órgano trasplantado. La presentación clínica inespecífica de esta enfermedad, el compromiso extranodal y su amplio espectro histopatológico hacen que tanto la clasificación como el tratamiento sean complejos. Esta revisión presenta una actualización sobre la ELPT en pacientes con trasplante de órgano sólido.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr; Trasplante de Órganos; Trastornos Linfoproliferativos
SUMMARY
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseasePost-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a group of disorders that may occur after transplantation. Its incidence is variable according to the transplanted organ. The clinical variability of this disease, its extra-nodal involvement and its broad histopathological spectrum make both classification and management very complex. This review provides an update about PTLD in patients with solid organ transplantation.
Objective: To describe chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment patterns and patient outcomes in Latin America. Methods: This chart review study (NCT02559583; 2008-2015)evaluated time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) outcomes among patients with CLL who initiate done (n = 261) to two (n = 96) lines of therapy (LOT) since diagnosis. Differences in TTP and OS were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, with a log-rank test for statistical significance. Association between therapeutic regimen and risk for disease progression or death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The most commonly prescribed therapies in both LOTs were chlorambucil-, followed by fludarabineand cyclophosphamide (C)/CHOP-based therapies. Chlorambucil-and C/CHOPbased therapies were largely prescribed to elderly patients (≥65 years) while fludarabine-based therapy was predominantly used by younger patients (≤65 years). In LOT1, relative to chlorambucil-administered patients, those prescribed fludarabine-based therapies had lower risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32 [0.19-0.54]), whereas C/CHOP-prescribed patients had higher risk (HR 95%CI 1.88 [1.17-3.04]). Similar results were observed in LOT2. There was no difference in OS between treatments in both LOTs. Discussion: Novel therapies such as kinase inhibitors were rarely prescribed in LOT1 or LOT2in Latin America. The greater TTP observed forfludarabine-based therapies could be attributed to the fact that fludarabine-based therapies are predominantly administered to young and healthy patients. Conclusion: Chlorambucil-based therapy, which has limited benefits, is frequently prescribed in Latin America. Prescribing novel agents for fludarabine-based therapy-ineligible patients with CLL is the need of the hour.
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