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As of May 20 th 2015, Flow-Based Market Coupling is used for cross-border capacity allocation in Central Western European day-ahead markets (Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Germany/Luxembourg/Austria), replacing the Available Transfer Capacity method. This paper describes concepts and definitions of the Flow-Based Market Coupling. As such, this paper can serve as a starting point for further research on the methodology and market impact of Flow-Based Market Coupling.

a b s t r a c tProportions of reversible and irreversible magnetization processes in the overall magnetization process were studied in a complex view of magnetic, thermal and electrical properties of iron-phenolphormaldehyde resin composites. They were determined experimentally at different values of magnetic induction along the initial curve. The results of total, differential, reversible and irreversible permeability measurement as well as the analysis of DC energy losses revealed the same tendencies: The numbers of movable domain walls (determining the extent of reversible processes) depend on the magnetic particle size and the resin content through the demagnetizing fields produced by the particle surfaces, lowering the interaction between particles. Thermal diffusivity was compared with Hashin-Shtrikman model indicating good insulation of particles.

Low-carbon electric power systems are often characterized by high shares of renewables, such as wind power. The variable nature and limited predictability of some renewables will require novel system operation methods to properly size and costefficiently allocate the required reserves. The current state-of-theart stochastic unit commitment models internalize this sizing and allocation process by considering a set of scenarios representing the stochastic input during the unit commitment optimization. This results in a cost-efficient scheduling of reserves, while maintaining the reliability of the system. However, calculation times are typically high. Therefore, in this paper, we merge a stateof-the-art probabilistic reserve sizing technique and stochastic unit commitment model with a limited number of scenarios in order to reduce the computational cost. Results obtained for a power system with a 30% wind energy penetration show that this hybrid approach allows to approximate the expected operational costs and reliability of the resulting unit commitment of the stochastic model at roughly one thirtieth of the computational cost. The presented hybrid unit commitment model can be used by researchers to assess the impact of uncertainty on power systems or by independent system operators to optimize their unit commitment decisions taking into account the uncertainty in their system.

As of 2005, electricity generators in Europe operate under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). At the same time, European Member States have launched support mechanisms to stimulate the deployment of renewable electricity sources (RES-E). RES-E injections displace CO2 emissions within the sectors operating under the EU ETS and they reduce the demand for European Union Allowances (EUAs), therefore reducing the EUA price. This paper presents the results of an expost analysis to quantify the impact of RES-E deployment on the EUA price and CO2 emissions in the Western and Southern European electricity sector during the period from 2007 to 2010. This study shows that the CO2 displacement from the electricity sector to other ETS sectors due to RES-E deployment can be up to more than 10 % of historical CO2 emissions in the electricity sector. The EUA price decrease caused by RES-E deployment varies between zero and multiple times the historical EUA price.