Background:CrossFit is a type of competitive exercise program that has gained widespread recognition. To date, there have been no studies that have formally examined injury rates among CrossFit participants or factors that may contribute to injury rates.Purpose:To establish an injury rate among CrossFit participants and to identify trends and associations between injury rates and demographic categories, gym characteristics, and athletic abilities among CrossFit participants.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:A survey was conducted, based on validated epidemiologic injury surveillance methods, to identify patterns of injury among CrossFit participants. It was sent to CrossFit gyms in Rochester, New York; New York City, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and made available via a posting on the main CrossFit website. Participants were encouraged to distribute it further, and as such, there were responses from a wide geographical location. Inclusion criteria included participating in CrossFit training at a CrossFit gym in the United States. Data were collected from October 2012 to February 2013. Data analysis was performed using Fisher exact tests and chi-square tests.Results:A total of 486 CrossFit participants completed the survey, and 386 met the inclusion criteria. The overall injury rate was determined to be 19.4% (75/386). Males (53/231) were injured more frequently than females (21/150; P = .03). Across all exercises, injury rates were significantly different (P < .001), with shoulder (21/84), low back (12/84), and knee (11/84) being the most commonly injured overall. The shoulder was most commonly injured in gymnastic movements, and the low back was most commonly injured in power lifting movements. Most participants did not report prior injury (72/89; P < .001) or discomfort in the area (58/88; P < .001). Last, the injury rate was significantly decreased with trainer involvement (P = .028).Conclusion:The injury rate in CrossFit was approximately 20%. Males were more likely to sustain an injury than females. The involvement of trainers in coaching participants on their form and guiding them through the workout correlates with a decreased injury rate. The shoulder and lower back were the most commonly injured in gymnastic and power lifting movements, respectively. Participants reported primarily acute and fairly mild injuries.
New biomechanically competent meniscus-like tissue forms after placement of a collagen meniscus implant, and use of the implant appears safe. The collagen meniscus implant supports new tissue ingrowth that appears to be adequate to enhance meniscal function as evidenced by improved clinical outcomes in patients with a chronic meniscal injury. The collagen meniscus implant has the utility to be used to replace irreparable or lost meniscal tissue in patients with a chronic meniscal injury. The implant was not found to have any benefit for patients with an acute injury.
Injuries treated at the University of Rochester Section of Sports Medicine over a 7 year period were surveyed. Patients were drawn from professional, intercollegiate (Division III), high school, intramural, and unorganized athletics at the University and the surrounding community. Data on injury diagnosis was available for 4,551 cases, with data on age, gender, and sport of injury available for 3,431 of the cases. The average patient age was 21.6 years, with a peak in the 16 to 19 age group. Patients with fractures had an average age below the overall mean, while those with internal derangement of the knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and inflammatory injuries were significantly older than average. Males accounted for 80.3% of all injuries. For both sexes the most common areas injured were the knee and ankle, with sprains/strains the most common injuries. Injuries involving the patellofemoral articulation were significantly more frequent among females. The most common sport of injury was football, with greater than 12 times the number of injuries seen in the next most common sport.
The purpose of this study was to document the long-term clinical and radiographic results of open meniscal repair. Thirty consecutive patients, involving 33 open repairs, were evaluated by history, physical examination, KT-1000 arthrometer testing, Lysholm II score, Tegner activity score, and weightbearing radiographs. The mean followup was 10.9 years (range, 10.1 to 13). No patients were lost to followup. Seven meniscal retears (21%) were documented (six demonstrated by repeat arthroscopy and one suspected on clinical evaluation). Three of 21 (14%) acute repairs (performed within 6 weeks of injury) retore as compared with 4 of 12 (33%) chronic repairs (P = 0.38). None of the 12 menisci in stable knees (< 3 mm side-to-side difference in anterior laxity on manual maximum load testing) sustained retears, compared with 7 of 21 (33%) menisci in nearly stable or unstable knees (P = 0.03). Standing radiographs revealed no degenerative changes in 22 of 26 (85%) compartments with successful repairs as compared with 3 of 7 (43%) compartments with retorn menisci (P = 0.04). We concluded that the long-term survival rate of repaired menisci was 79%, that increased retear rates were encountered in unstable knees, and that radiographs provided evidence for the biomechanical function of successful meniscal repairs.
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