test experiments were conducted is now referred to as Material Disposal Area (MDA) AB. The areas within Two different types of waste covers, an asphalt cap and an evapo-MDA AB where the underground experiments were transpiration (ET) cover, have been used to contain a contaminated site at Technical Area (TA) 49 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory conducted are referred to as Areas 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3, and (LANL). In 1961, a 2.5-to 20-cm-thick asphalt cap and gravel and 4. These Areas are also referred to as Potential Release clay cover was constructed to isolate contamination of surface soils Sites (PRSs) (LANL, 1992; Levitt et al., 2003). Refer associated with subcritical hydronuclear safety experiments conducted to Fig. 1 for the location of TA-49 and LANL within at TA-49 between 1959 and 1961. The asphalt cap remained in place New Mexico, and refer to Fig. 2 for the locations of the for 37 yr until 1998 when it was replaced with an ET cover. Cracks Areas and PRSs within TA-49. and subsidence features in the asphalt cap were periodically filled During the drilling of a new test shaft in 1960, transduring that time. The thickness of the ET cover is 2.1 m at its center, uranic materials were encountered from an adjacent tapering to zero thickness at its edges. The ET cover is instrumented shaft, resulting in contamination of surface soils. The with three neutron logging access tubes, and four time domain reflecarea of contamination, within Area 2, was covered by tometry (TDR) probes, and covered by a galvanized steel mesh biointrusion layer. Soil moisture monitoring was conducted immediately Published in Vadose Zone Journal 4:789-797 (2005).
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