Aim: Pharmacogenomics could play a role in improving patient care, reducing adverse drug reactions and overall healthcare costs. However, whether it is utilized may be determined by how it is perceived by healthcare professionals, including pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey evaluated psychiatric pharmacists’ use, knowledge and perception of the effectiveness of such testing. Results: Among participants, 80% worked at sites not offering pharmacogenomic testing, mostly due to a lack of funding. About 36% of pharmacists considered themselves more knowledgeable and 47% considered themselves less knowledgeable about pharmacogenomic testing; however, most agreed on the potential usefulness of testing. Conclusion: Among psychiatric pharmacists, the use of pharmacogenomics appears underappreciated due to factors such as lack of availability and understanding of testing. Original submitted 26 November 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015
Introduction:The incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common within the population and even more so among veterans. Current medication treatment is limited primarily to antidepressants. Such medicines have shown to produce low remission rates and may require 9 patients to be treated for 1 to have a response. Aside from the Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense guidelines, other guidelines do not recommend pharmacotherapy as a first-line option, particularly in the veteran population. Marijuana has been evaluated as an alternative and novel treatment option with 16 states legalizing its use for PTSD.Methods:A systematic search was conducted to evaluate the evidence for the use of marijuana for PTSD. Studies for the review were included based on a literature search from Ovid MEDLINE and Google Scholar.Results:Five studies were identified that evaluated the use of marijuana for PTSD. One trial was conducted in Israel and actively used marijuana. Three studies did not use marijuana in the treatment arm but instead evaluated the effects postuse. A retrospective chart review from New Mexico relied on patients to recall their change in PTSD symptoms when using marijuana. Three studies concluded there might be a benefit, but two discouraged its use. Although the two negative studies show a statistical difference in worse PTSD outcomes, clinical significance is unclear.Discussion:Conflicting data exist for the use of marijuana for PTSD; however, current evidence is limited to anecdotal experiences, case reports, and observational studies, making it difficult to make clinical recommendations.
RESUMENObjetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de maloclusiones en dentición mixta de niños de 6 a 12 años de edad de dos escuelas de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. Materiales y método: mediante la observación visual, 143 niños fueron examinados con respecto al tipo de oclusión. Los datos de identificación de los participantes y preguntas específicas sobre los hábitos más frecuente s fueron recogidos en fichas previamente elaboradas, los datos fueron sometidos a pruebas descripti vas y estadísticas. Resultados: el análisis descriptivo demostró que apenas el 17% de los niños contaron con características de una oclusión normal, el 83% restante presentó algún tipo de maloclusión. Dentro de las maloclusiones, la succión labial fue el de mayor prevalencia con el 16,1% de toda la muestra. La clase I molar y canina fue la más frecuente. El análisis de chi cuadrado determinó que no existe relación de dependencia entre el tipo de hábito y la pr esencia de mordida abierta anterior (p =0,69), con una proporción levemente mayor al considerar la succión labial. Conclusión: La prevalencia de maloclusiones en la población estudiada fue alta siendo el hábito de succión de labio el de mayor predominancia. ABSTRACTObjective: To determinate, the prevalence of malocclusions in mixed dentition of children from 6 to 12 years of age, from two schools in the city of Quito-Ecuador. Materials and methods: through visual observation, 143 children were examined with respect to the type of occlusion. The identification data of the participants about specific q uestions about the most frequent habits were collected in previously prepared files, the data were subjected to descr iptive and statistics test. Results: the descriptive analysis showed that only 17% of the children had the characteristics of a normal occlusion, the remaining 83% had some type of malocclusion. Within the malocclusion, labial suction was the most prevalent with 16,1% of the entire sample. Class I molar and canine was the most frequent. Class molar I and canine was the most frequent. Chi square analysis determined that there is no dependency relationship between the type of habit and the prevalence of anterior open bite (p=0,69), whit a slightly higher proportion when considering labial suction. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusions in the studied population was high, being the habit of lip suction the most prevalent.
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