<p>Employees are generally considered as the most important resource needed for an organization to achieve its main goals. Realization of goals achievement heavily depends on the extent to which these employees are engaged in their jobs and their organization. Employee engagement is a factor that contributes positively to employee productivity and then organizational effectiveness. It reveals that a conceptual confusion exists with regard to the meaning of employee engagement owing to that the concept has been defined by different scholars in different ways and also that there are several associated terms such as job satisfaction, job involvement, work involvement, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior which have been used in the literature, either synonymously or non-synonymously. Further a question arises to decide whether employee engagement is an attitude or a behavior. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of employee engagement that results in formulating a working definition for research purposes involving the construct, and to explore its dimensions and elements for the purpose of measuring the construct.</p>

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the type of waste generation and the management of waste in order to reduce pollution in the health care sector with special reference to Colombo, Sri Lanka. The paper further aims to determine the relationship between top management and staff attitudes toward waste management and to identify the level of technology used in medical waste management in various types of health care organizations. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was developed using the designed conceptual framework to achieve the objectives of the study. Findings The study identifies that, though governments provide legislations and regulatory support, organizations of any size must have a positive attitude, awareness, capability and technology to initiate improvements for waste management processes and be prepared to adapt to new trends. Developing positive attitudes and improved knowledge on changes in waste management technology will assist in encouraging organizations to invest in this area. Research limitations/implications The scope of this project is limited to private health care institutions in the Colombo district in Sri Lanka from where data were gathered. Originality/value Health care center waste management is a relatively new discipline in the Sri Lankan health sector. This study provides an opportunity for management to identify the level of waste generated by health care institutions and the methods followed for the disposal of waste. Environmental groups can gain benefit through this project, since they can identify whether the private institutes in the health care sector are following world-accepted methods in disposing of waste.

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This paper presents an overview and guidance for manufacturing companies which are preparing to invest in Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). The purpose of this paper is to introduce AMT to Local context and explain the reasons why the company may encounter problems with adopting AMT. In addition to that, the author suggests many avenues to look at AMT applications and the many suggestions offered by the relevant literature for improving the performance of using AMT investment. Further, the research work here aims to assist managers to understand the benefits, types and investment of AMT and identify the problems in the local context. The author of this paper believes that proper understanding of AMT will encourage more firms to invest in AMT and to realize the benefits to make more contributions to society by improving world standard quality of product.

Article History

The growth of information technology in the business world is spreading at a phenomenal rate. The success of a business organization stands at the usage of IT in their business. Growth of e-commerce is the new born business method, which has originated through an extensive usage of IT in their business. This study will focus on the level of adoption of e-commerce in a population of 30 SMEs under the BOI, the relationship between firm-based characteristics and the adoption of e-commerce and also more importantly find out the critical success factors and discover potential benefits of adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. The results on the adoption of e- commerce showed a significant relationship with the two firm-based characteristics. That is management involvement and adoption of IT. The study also identified e- marketing and supplier service as the critical success factors in adoption of e-commerce.

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