The incidence and characteristics of microbleeds in hemodialysis (HD) patients were investigated to elucidate the clinical significance with T 2 *-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The 57 patients with chronic renal failure maintained by HD had no previous history of stroke. The control group consisted of 53 patients without previous history of stroke or chronic renal failure. The incidence and the number of microbleeds were assessed in the HD and control groups. The findings of microbleeds with T 2 *-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging were compared with those of T 1 -and T 2 -weighted MR imaging in HD patients. The incidence of microbleeds was significantly greater in the HD patients compared with the control patients. T 2 * -weighted gradient-echo imaging revealed a total of 44 microbleeds in 11 HD patients. T 2 -weighted imaging demonstrated 13 of 44 microbleeds as hyperintensity, whereas T 1 -weighted imaging demonstrated 12 lesions as hypointensity. T 2 -and T 1 -weighted imagings did not demonstrate any findings in 31 and 32 lesions, respectively. T 2 * -weighted gradientecho MR imaging is effective to detect microbleeds which may be a predictor of intracerebral hemorrhage in HD patients and should be included in the protocol for the study of cerebrovascular disease, because T 2 -and T 1 -weighted MR imaging recognizes microbleeds as lacunar infarction.
In the present experiment, we investigated the mechanism of the suppressed mitogen responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uremic patients. We used phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) as T cell mitogens, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) as a T cell-dependent B cell mitogen, and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (STA) as a T cell-independent B cell mitogen. PBMC from uremic patients showed significantly suppressed responses to PHA (p < 0.05), Con A (p < 0.05) and STA (p < 0.01) compared with those from healthy controls, but there was no significant difference in PWM response. However, these suppressed responses to PHA and Con A were markedly restored by depletion of phagocytic cells from PBMC. Although STA responses were also restored markedly in uremic patients, some patients still showed lower responsiveness to STA indicating the possibility of functional B cell defects. To further clarify the mechanism of the suppressed responses to mitogens, PBMC or nonphagocytic cells from uremic patients were cocultured with control T cells in the presence of PHA, or the effects of adherent cells from uremic patients on PHA responses of autologous or allogeneic control T cells were studied. From these experiments, it was suggested that the suppressed responses of PBMC to mitogens in uremia were mediated by monocytes.
IgD multiple myelomais a unique type of multiple myelomawhich is characterized by increased serum IgD and IgD type M-component in immunoelectrophoresis. It frequently shows renal involvement but it is a rare form of myeloma. The distinctive features of IgD myelomaare the dominance in males, high frequency in younger persons, and the uncertain appearance of M-component in serum electrophoresis. Weexperienced 3 cases of IgD multiple myelomawith renal failure which required hemodialysis before IgD myelomawas diagnosed. It is important to consider IgD myeloma when treating the patients with renal involvement of unknown origin.
key words: Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, HBs vaccination, lymphocyte subpopulations, proliferative responses
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.