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In the genus Strongyloides, larval development external to the host is known to be markedly affected by a variety of environmental factors. This investigation focuses on the effect of temperature on Strongyloides ratti. Low temperature (15 degrees C) was shown to favor direct development, producing infective larvae, while high temperature (25 degrees C) favored indirect development, producing free-living females and males. Different courses of development were brought about by either a 16-h temperature stimulus at 15 degrees C or a 6-h temperature stimulus at 25 degrees C. Moreover, eggs were not susceptible to the cold-temperature stimulus of 15 degrees C, while newly hatched larvae were. The results indicate that the developmental course of S. ratti larvae external to the host is determined at a relatively early stage before the first molt.

NFV, being discussed and standardized in ETSI, is regarded as a promising candidate technology for Future Networks. Although many advantages are expected, the introduction of NFV will greatly challenge current management systems. In this paper, we summarize some of the carrier's requirements for the management of NFV, based on which we propose vConductor as an NFV management solution. We say vConductor is innovative due to its characteristics of automatic service provisioning, end-to-end inventory management, and generic system design. To achieve these goals, we design a completely modular-based system structure and refine the process of provisioning a virtual network service. Furthermore, we propose a general data model, specifically for NFV, starting from the TM Forum SID. We believe that vConductor will be a catalyst for accelerating the industrialization of NFV.

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