A quantitative genetic analysis was conducted on emigration response behavior using 140 second chromosome lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Fourteen sets of 5 x 5 partial diallel cross experiments were made in the parental generation. The emigration activity per batch of 50 male and 50 female F1 progeny was scored with Sakai's population system. Sexual difference did not appear in the emigration activity in these experiments. A significant genotype x sex x set interaction was detected. The genetic variance components of emigration activity differed between sexes: In males, additive genetic variance of emigration activity was 0.0497 +/- 0.0092 and dominance variance, 0.0018 +/- 0.0046; in females, additive, 0.0373 +/- 0.0076 and dominance, 0.0169 +/- 0.0044. Additive genetic correlation between sexes for the emigration activity was 0.685 +/- 0.150, deviating significantly from unity. These results suggested that the genes affecting emigration activity would operate differently between sexes of D. melanogaster in natural populations.
Temperature-influenced emigration behavior of Drosophila melanogaster was examined over the range of 16-31°C with Sakai's migration system using 33 isogenic lines derived from a natural population. Interaction of genotype with temperature was an important factor for emigration response behavior to temperature.Three emigration response patterns (linear, optimum-temperature, and threshold-temperature response) were found among isogenic lines in a natural population and quantitative differences were also detected in each type. The maintenance of genetic variability for temperature-influenced emigration behavior would provide evolutionary flexibility to a population under changing temperature conditions.
Genetic study on emigration behavior of Drosophila melanogaster in the Ishinomaki population was conducted with 140 2nd chromosome lines. Fourteen sets of 5X5 partial diallel cross experiments were made to examine the emigration activity of F1 progeny. Emigration activity was scored using the method of Sakai et al. (1958). Additive genetic variance was 0.0377 +/- 0.0069 and dominance variance 0.0076 +/- 0.0032. The average degree of dominance of mildly deleterious genes for emigration activity in an equilibrium population was 0.069 +/- 0.042. The estimated degree of dominance at a gene locus affecting emigration activity was 0.067, which revealed nearly complete dominance for the tendency of heterozygote flies to move from their original place to another. Average degree of dominance of lethal gene for emigration activity was 0.012.
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