Muscle wasting is an important prognostic factor in patients treated with sorafenib.

BCAA supplementation and walking exercise were found to be effective and easily implemented for improving muscle volume and strength in liver cirrhosis patients.

Evaluation of handgrip strength and psoas index is an easy and effective method for the detection of sarcopenia and presarcopenia.

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Collectin placenta 1 (CL-P1), a recently discovered scavenger receptor, mediates the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein and microbes. In this study, we investigated CL-P1-mediated binding and ingestion of yeast-derived zymosan bioparticles using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing human CL-P1 (CHO/CL-P1) and human vascular endothelial cells constitutively expressed CL-P1. The uptake of zymosan by CHO/CL-P1 was dependent upon the level of CL-P1 expressed on the membrane and was inhibited by cytochalasin D and wortmannin. The binding of zymosan was also inhibited by ligands of other scavenger receptors such as poly(I) and dextran sulfate. Real time reverse transcription-PCR analyses showed that other scavenger receptors, namely LOX-1, Stabilin-2, or macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), were not expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells isolated from different individuals. Nonopsonic zymosan ingestion was inhibited in three primary cultured vascular endothelial cells, including different human umbilical vein endothelial cells from nine individuals treated with CL-P1 small interfering RNAs, although small interfering RNAs of other scavenger receptors had no effect on zymosan uptake in these cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that CL-P1 is expressed in human and murine vascular endothelial layers. Our results demonstrated that CL-P1 predominantly mediated phagocytosis for fungi in vascular endothelia.Scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins consisting at least eight different subclasses (Class A to Class H), with little amino acid sequence homology, that bind to a wide variety of ligands, including modified or oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), 2 apoptotic cells, and microbial pathogens (1). Among these ligands, oxLDLs are considered to have an important role in interactions with endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis according to Ross's response-to-injury hypothesis (2, 3). Vascular endothelial cells express several distinct scavenger receptors, such as SR-BI (4 -6), LOX-1 (7), SREC (8), FEEL-1/stabilin-1, and FEEL-2/stabilin-2 (9).Using placental cDNA, we recently identified CL-P1 (10), a type II transmembrane protein with a coiled-coil, a collagenlike domain, and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and showed it to be a scavenger receptor, in addition to its role as a collectin (Colec12). This molecule resembles a Class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) in its structure except for the replacement of the cysteine-rich domain by a CRD (11). CL-P1 can bind to oxLDL without interacting with other modified LDLs such as acetyl-LDL. Interestingly, we found that CL-P1 expression in HUVECs was up-regulated after the induction of oxidative stress in vitro and was increased in aortic endothelia in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model (12). Another reported finding on the ability of CL-P1 to mediate the binding of yeast, as well as Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in CL-P1-transfected CHO cells, strongly ...

Graphene oxide (GO) was immobilized on the surfaces of acrylic yarns through a conventional dyeing approach. The GO dyed yarns and/or the fabric were immersed in an aqueous sodium hydrosulfite solution at around 363 K for 30 minutes, which converted the GO into graphene. The graphene created a graphitic-coloured and

The present ADRES score was simple and easy to use and may be useful for predicting risk of HCC development in short term after reaching SVR24 by DAAs.

No abstract