Detection of early gastrointestinal tract malignancy can be challenging on white light endoscopy especially as lesions can be subtle and inconspicuous. With the advent of electronic chromoendoscopy technologies, lesions which have already been detected can be quickly and "conveniently" characterised. This review will discuss some of the indications and modern applications of chromoendoscopy in various conditions including Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, early gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and neoplastic colonic lesions. In carefully selected situations, chromoendoscopy could still be a useful adjunct to white light endoscopy in day-to-day clinical practice.

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Recent advances in endoscopic imaging of the esophagus have revolutionized the diagnostic capability for detecting premalignant changes and early esophageal malignancy. In this article, we review the practical application of narrowband imaging focusing on diseases of the esophagus, including Barrett's esophagus, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult-onset colonic intussusception is a rarely encountered condition that leads to large intestinal obstruction with time. Patients often present with a variety of symptoms that are non-specific making it challenging to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. This is worrying as diagnostic delay could lead to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. We wish to present and describe a case of an atypical endoscopic finding of colocolic intussusception secondary to ascending colon cancer. Sixty-seven-year-old lady was referred for 1 month's duration of passing melenic stools with mucus followed by a week's complain of hematochezia.Clinical examination and other relevant blood results were unremarkable except for iron deficiency anemia.Initial colonoscopy revealed a large mass within the splenic flexure with inconclusive biopsies. A more detailed colonoscopy repeated the following day revealed a massive, black-to-yellowish lesion within the splenic flexure with no viable mucosa seen. Colonic bezoar was initially suspected, however various endoscopic retrieval methods proved futile. Switching to a slimmer diagnostic gastroscope, the colon was carefully negotiated until a large ulcer was found within the ascending colon, adjacent to the mass' origin.An emergency CT abdomen and subsequently extended right hemicolectomy performed revealed a colocolic intussusception with sealed perforation secondary to an ascending colonic mass acting as an intussusceptum.Histopathology evaluation confirmed an ascending colon adenocarcinoma (pT2N0M0) amidst a background of extensive ischemic changes. Endoscopic descriptions of colonic intussusception are unusual given their rarity. Furthermore, these lesions can mimic a colonic bezoar as a result of fecal accretion and this can ultimately lead to false diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. In such instances, clarification with a CT scan before management decision can potentially avert unnecessary endoscopic intervention and complications.

Colovesical fistulas (CVFs) are known complications of complicated diverticular disease, malignancy, and Crohn's colitis (1). With the increasing use of radiation therapy in relation to pelvic malignancies, we now have a rising incidence of benign radiation induced CVF that could potentially lead to recurrent bouts of cystitis, pyelonephritis, renal abscesses, renal impairment and systemic infection resulting from ongoing fecal contamination through the abnormal connection (2). The complications of urosepsis, in particular, carry high morbidity and mortality, and thus CVF should generally be an indication for surgical repair to avoid these problems (3). Unfortunately, not all patients are fit