Radiology plays a crucial role in initial assessment and follow-up of cardiac conduction devices (CCDs). At least 1 million patients in the United States have permanent CCDs, which comprise pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Chest radiography is unique because it is the only imaging modality that allows evaluation of the physical integrity of CCD leads. As a result, a basic knowledge of the normal and abnormal radiographic appearances of these devices and their various components is important. Radiologists should have a working knowledge of CCD anatomy as well as appropriate positioning and appearance of CCD leads and generators. Acute complications of CCD implantation include dysrhythmia, pneumothorax, perforation of the heart muscle or a vein, heart valve damage, lead damage, inadequate seating of the terminal connector pin, and presence of an air pocket. Chronic complications include twiddler syndrome, lead fracture, damage to the lead insulation, and lead displacement. Radiologists play an important role in management of patients with CCDs by providing vital information about the device, starting immediately after implantation and continuing throughout its duration in the patient. To fulfill this role, radiologists must have a firm understanding of CCDs and their evolving technology.
Pulmonary complications occur in an estimated 0.21% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The most common presentation of pulmonary manifestations is large airway disease, such as tracheobronchitis, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. Small airway disease, such as constrictive bronchiolitis or bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, is less frequently reported, and is described as occurring in isolation from large airway disease. A case of a postcolectomy ulcerative colitis in a patient who has both large airway involvement, tracheobronchitis and bronchiectasis, and constrictive bronchiolitis is presented.
Single coronary artery (SCA) is defined as only one coronary artery arising from one aortic sinus of Valsalva that supplies the entire myocardium. SCA anomaly is very rare, noted in 0.04% (56 of 126 595) of diagnostic angiography and 3% (56 of 1686) of coronary anomalies. 1 Coronary artery anomalies are usually diagnosed incidentally during coronary angiography and at post-mortem evaluation. The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies was reported to be 1.3% (1686 of 126 595) of diagnostic coronary angiograms. 1 The most common coronary artery anomaly seen is the separate origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) artery followed by an origin of LCX artery from right coronary artery (RCA) with a retro-aortic course, and origin of right or left coronary artery from the opposite sinus. 1 The classification of SCA anomaly has been proposed by several authors. 2-4 It was first described by Ogden et al, 3 in 1970 and later modified by Lipton et al, 4 in 1979. It was last modified by Yamanaka et al 1 by adding "S" septal, "C" combined Type of courses. The modified classification is shown in Figure 1A-C.
A rare case of pancreatic herniation through the gastroesophageal hiatus is presented, including magnetic resonance evaluation with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance angiography images unique to the published literature.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.