BACKGROUND: The multifidus muscle is located near the spine and controls the erection of the spine and stabilization during movements of the spine and extremities, and assists in all other spinal movements. Differences in paraspinal muscles between sides and levels, particularly in he multifidus, have been proposed as possible indicators of low back pain or spinal pathology. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle at L4-L5 vertebral levels on ultrasound images of athletes in Olympic-style weightlifting, judo athletes and sedentary individuals. METHODS: This study included asymptomatic male athletes (athletes in Olympic-style weightlifting, n= 17, age: 19.24 ± 1.88, judo athletes, n= 17, age: 19.18 ± 1.23) and sedentary individuals (n= 17, age: 19.88 ± 1.31). The cross-sectional area of lumbar multifidus muscles was assessed bilaterally at the L4-L5 segments level in prone and using ultrasound imaging. RESULTS: Lumbar multifidus muscle cross-sectional areas of athletes in Olympic-style weightlifting and judo athletes were larger than those of sedentary individuals (p< 0.004). No asymmetric development was observed in cross-sectional areas of right-left lumbar multifidus muscle at L4-L5 levels of athletes in Olympic-style weightlifting and sedentary individuals (p> 0.008). The cross-sectional areas of the right and left lumbar multifidus muscle at L5 segment of individuals in judo athletes was found to be asymmetrical (p< 0.008). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the cross-sectional areas of athletes in Olympic-style weightlifting and judo athletes are larger than that of sedentary individuals. The difference in the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle of athlete and sedentary groups might be said to result from hypertrophic effect of trainings of these athletes on the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle.
The study aims to find out the incidence of the absence of palmaris longus tendon and to study the effects of the case on handgrip strength of athletes. We studied whether 190 athletes (male n= 80, mean age: 18.9� 2.2; female n= 110, mean age: 18.5� 1.2) included in our study had palmaris longus tendon or not. Then, the handgrip strength values of the athletes were obtained by using a Jamar dynamometer, according to the recommendations of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Total number of participants having no palmaris longus tendon was 59 (31.05%) and it was observed that 37(19.47%) of these individuals didn�t have the tendon in both hands. The number of participants with unilateral tendon absence was 22 (11.5%). The tendon was absent in right hand of 10 individuals (5.26%) and in left hand of 12 individuals (6.31%). After controlling age, height, body weight and body mass index variables of the groups, it was observed that the presence or the absence of palmaris longus tendon in both hands of male athletes didn�t cause any statistical effects on handgrip strength of the athletes. However, left handgrip strength of female athletes with palmaris longus tendon in left hand was found to be higher than left handgrip strength of female athletes with no palmaris longus tendon (p[.01). According to the findings of the study, we might state that the presence or the absence of palmaris longus tendon does not cause a significant effect on handgrip strength of both hands of male athletes (p].05) and that its presence causes a significant effect on left handgrip strength of female athletes (p[.01).
Background and objective: The knowledge on the effects of para-badminton sport on physiological parameters is relatively limited in the literature. This study aims to examine the effects of moderate-intensity badminton training on the hematological parameters of elite para-badminton athletes. Methods: A total of 12 para-badminton athletes, 6 female and 6 male, with international competitive experience in the Turkish Para-Badminton National Team, participated in the study. A 90-minute badminton training was applied to the athletes for their technical and tactical development. A 4 mL blood sample was taken before and after the training. Hematological parameters were analyzed from these blood samples. White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets count, and their particular subgroups such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were examined as the hematological parameters in this study. Results: The findings revealed that the female para-badminton athletes exhibited a significant increase in white blood cells, granulocytes percentage, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets values after training compared to pre-training. It was determined that there were significant increases in white blood cells, granulocytes, granulocytes percentage, red blood cells, and hematocrit values for male para-badminton athletes after training compared to pre-training, and significant decreases in lymphocytes percentage values. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed that a single 90-minute moderate-intensity badminton training session leads to physiological changes on the blood parameters of elite para-badminton athletes. These changes, which differ by gender, can affect the health and performance of the athlete.
Introduction and aim. Intense taekwondo (TKD) training, it is important to know the exercise-induced hematological and inflammatory conditions and to develop conditions suitable for physiological needs. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of TKD-specific training containing a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) component hematological parameters and on systemic inflammatory biomarkers between gender. Material and methods. The research was carried out with twenty-four elite TKD athletes (12 female, 12 male). 90 minutes of TKD-specific unit training, including 50 minutes of HIIT component was applied to the athletes. Hematological parameters included erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes and their subgroups and inflammatory biomarkers. Results. With the effect of TKD-specific HIIT, erythrocytes and hematocrit values decreased regardless of gender (p=0.003, p<0.001, respectively). Platelet values decreased in male and increased in female (p=0.637). White blood cells and neutrophil (p<0.001) and inflammatory biomarkers neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocytes ratio PLR (p<0.001, p=0.022, respectively) increased regardless of gender. Lymphocyte decreased marginally significantly (p=0.059). Conclusion. This study showed that TKD-specific HIIT increased systemic inflammatory conditions and decreased oxygen-carrying blood parameters. These fundamental findings can contribute to training science in arranging a specific taekwondo training program and sports medicine in protecting the health of athletes.
Objectives: The study aims to investigate the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon in Olympic-style weightlifting athletes and sedentary individuals. Methods: The study included 25 women and 25 men Olympic-style weightlifting athletes aged 18-19 years as the study group and 25 women and 25 men sedentary individuals as the control group. In the study, the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon on both knees was measured by ultrasonographic imaging. Results: The mean thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon was significantly larger in the athletes than in the sedentary individuals. No correlation was found between the age, height, training years of the athletes and the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon. Conclusion: It might be stated that Olympic-style weightlifting has a hypertrophic effect on the quadriceps femoris tendon of athletes.
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