SummaryThe lack of nearby offshore field activities has led to disadvantages for the Japanese offshore technology R&D. Offshore technology is a field based technology comprised of many discipline and phase. Thus, the consideration of both deep specialization and the broad system integration are necessary. We define an important aspect of offshore technology as "Integrated Ocean Engineering", and analyzed elements that are essential to achieve its R&D. We define six elements that need to be implemented in the research activity. From the system science perspective, needs identification, connection of basic science and applied research, and integration of technology for implementation must be considered. Considering the unique features of offshore technology, basic science in ocean engineering, demonstration in actual ocean and expectation to future market are also important elements. Existing R&D activities in Japan do not incorporate these elements together, mainly due to the lack of strong driving force. We propose a new structure of organizing research, namely co-creation platform.
Currently lasers are used to destroy Birthmark and Lentigo in clinics of dermatology and plastic surgery . The aim of laser therapy is to destroy the target ce11s and not to harm the surrounding tissue . We have developed a new type of laser apparatus for removing only the pigmented lesions with laser scanning technology , The effects of a Nd :YVO4 1aser( 1064 nm )with a laser spot size of 30 μ m 三 n diameter was investigated by experiments with rats , As a result , the pigmented lesions were able to be removed but some scar tissues were formed . The thermometry during the laser irradiation was performed with an infrared thermal imaging camera . It was found that the temperature rise by laser irradiation reached the temperamre that was high enough to cause a bum . Thus, to resolve this problem a new irradiation method in which the focused laser beam was scanned with each laser line 150 μ m apart was proposed .
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