No abstract

Since the charged mode is much faster than the neutral modes on quantum Hall edges at large filling factors, the edge may remain out of equilibrium in thermal conductance experiments. This sheds light on the observed imperfect quantization of the thermal Hall conductance at ν = 8/3 and can increase the observed thermal conductance by two quanta at ν = 8/5. Under certain unlikely but not impossible assumptions, this might also reconcile the observed thermal conductance at ν = 5/2 with not only the PH-Pfaffian order but also the anti-Pfaffian order.

Fractional quantum Hall states at half-integer filling factors have been observed in many systems beyond the 5/2 and 7/2 plateaus in GaAs quantum wells. This includes bilayer states in GaAs, several half-integer plateaus in ZnO-based heterostructures, and quantum Hall liquids in graphene. In all cases, Cooper pairing of composite fermions is believed to explain the plateaus. The nature of Cooper pairing and the topological order on those plateaus are hotly debated. Different orders are believed to be present in different systems. This makes it important to understand experimental signatures of all proposed orders. We review the expected experimental signatures for all possible composite-fermion states at half-integer filling. We address Mach-Zehnder interferometry, thermal transport, tunneling experiments, and Fabry-Pérot interferometry. For this end, we introduce a uniform description of the topological orders of Kitaev's sixteenfold way in terms of their wave functions, effective Hamiltonians, and edge theories.