Nacua AE, Pacis HJM, Manalo JR, Soriano CJM, Tosoc NRN, Padirogao R, Clemente KJE, Deocaris CC. 2018. Macrofungaldiversity in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines: with floristic update on roadside samples in Makiling Botanic Gardens(MBG). Biodiversitas 19: 1579-1585. The Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) stands as a highly biodiverse habitat and the onlyintact natural forest near Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is one of the 18 key centers of plant biodiversity and 32 key ecotourism sitesin the Philippines. In monitoring the implementation plans for protecting MMFR, the information pertaining to the mushroombiodiversity across decades is important. Therefore, we aim to study mushroom as an indicator for biodiversity since there has beenstudies in the past 30 years on the macrofungi of MMFR which we summarized here along with ours. Sampling was done in August2017 based on the transect line of 1000 m along roadsides of Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG). The distribution of the sampling unitswas carried-out using random and stratified sampling. Our study describes 21 macrofungal taxa collected from MMFR. Of these, 20taxa belong to Basidiomycota and only one belongs to Ascomycota. Polyporaceae was found as the most dominant macrofungi family(24%). There were six (6) species that are medicinal, and no poisonous species noted. There are eleven (11) species in this study whichare unique records compared with previous studies done in the macrofungi of MMFR. This is the first study done comparing mushroomacross 30 years on a reserved area. Information on these macrofungal flora across time serves as a reference for the currently existingconservation efforts and implementation of biodiversity-related policies in MMFR.

1. Many studies have quantified the ecological impacts of individual foundation species (FS). However, emerging data suggest that FS often co-occur, potentially inhibiting or facilitating one another, thereby causing indirect, cascading effects on surrounding communities. Furthermore, global warming is accelerating, but little is known about how interactions between co-occurring FS vary with temperature.2. Shallow aquatic sedimentary systems are often dominated by three types of FS: slower-growing clonal angiosperms, faster-growing solitary seaweeds and shellforming filter-and deposit-feeding bivalves. Here, we tested the impacts of one FS on another by analyzing manipulative interaction experiments from 148 papers with a global meta-analysis.3. We calculated 1942 (non-independent) Hedges' g effect sizes, from 11,652 extracted values over performance responses, such as abundances, growth or survival of FS and their associated standard deviations and replication levels.Standard aggregation procedures generated 511 independent Hedges' g that were classified into six types of reciprocal impacts between FS. 4. We found that (i) seaweeds had consistent negative impacts on angiosperms across performance responses, organismal sizes, experimental approaches and ecosystem types; (ii) angiosperms and bivalves generally had positive impacts on each other (e.g. positive effects of angiosperms on bivalves were consistent across organismal sizes and experimental approaches, but angiosperm effect on bivalve growth and bivalve effect on angiosperm abundance were not significant); (iii) bivalves positively affected seaweeds (particularly on growth responses); (iv) there were generally no net effects of seaweeds on bivalves (except for the positive effect on growth) or angiosperms on seaweeds (except for the positive effect on 'other processes') and (v) bivalve interactions with other FS were typically more positive at higher temperatures, but angiosperm-seaweed interactions were not moderated by temperature.

Seagrasses are foundation species that provide ecosystem functions and services, including increased biodiversity, sediment retention, carbon sequestration, and fish nursery habitat. However, anthropogenic stressors that reduce water quality, impose large‐scale climate changes, and amplify weather patterns, such as marine heatwaves, are altering seagrass meadow configurations. Quantifying large‐scale trends in seagrass distributions will help evaluate the impacts of climate drivers on their functions and services. Here, we quantified spatiotemporal dynamics in abundances and configurations of intertidal and shallow subtidal seagrass (Zostera muelleri) meadows in 20 New Zealand (NZ) estuaries that span a 5‐year period (mid/late 2016–early 2022) just before, during and after the Tasman Sea 2017/18 marine heatwave, the warmest summer ever recorded in NZ. We used high‐resolution PlanetScope satellite imagery to map interseasonal seagrass extent and quantify seascape metrics across 20 estuaries along a latitudinal gradient spanning 12° in NZ. We also explored the association of changes in seagrass metrics with satellite‐derived predictors such as sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly (SSTa), water column turbidity, and nutrient concentration. Our analyses revealed that NZ seagrass meadows varied in areal extent between years and seasons, but with no clear patterns over the 5‐year period, implying resilience to large‐scale stressors like the 2017/18 marine heatwave. Small‐scale patterns were also dynamic, for example, patch sizes and patch configurations differed across estuaries, seasons, and years. Furthermore, seagrass patches expanded in some estuaries with increasing SST and SSTa. These results highlight dynamic seagrass patterns that likely affect local processes such as biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Our analyses demonstrate that a combination of high‐resolution satellite remote sensing and seascape metrics is an efficient and novel approach to detect impacts from anthropogenic stressors, like eutrophication and climate changes, and climate extremes like cyclones and heatwaves.