This manuscript calls for an international effort to generate a comprehensive catalog from genome sequences of all the archaeal and bacterial type strains.
Caldisphaera lagunensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermoacidophilic crenarchaeote isolated from a hot spring at Mt Maquiling, Philippines Four novel, thermoacidophilic, crenarchaeotic cocci that grew anaerobically and heterotrophically were isolated from an acidic hot spring in the Philippines; two representative strains were characterized in detail. Most cells were regular cocci, 0?8-1?1 mm in width, which occurred singly or in pairs. They were non-motile and grew at 45-80˚C (optimum 70-75˚C) and pH 2?3-5?4 (optimum 3?5-4?0). They utilized starch, glycogen, gelatin, beef extract, yeast extract and peptone as carbon and energy sources. Growth was stimulated by the presence of sulfur as an electron acceptor. The lipid fraction contained cyclic and acyclic tetraether core lipids. The DNA G+C content was 31 mol%; phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the novel cocci represent an independent lineage in the phylum Crenarchaeota, distantly related to Acidilobus aceticus and an allied strain, NC12. Caldisphaera lagunensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the four strains. The type strain is
The phylogenetic group termed OP5 was originally discovered in the Yellowstone National Park hot spring and proposed as an uncultured phylum; the group was afterwards analyzed by applying culture-independent approaches. Recently, a novel thermophilic chemoheterotrophic filamentous bacterium was obtained from a hot spring in Japan that was enriched through various isolation procedures. Phylogenetic analyses of the isolate have revealed that it is closely related to the OP5 phylum that has mainly been constructed with the environmental clones retrieved from thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic environments. It appears that the lineage is independent at the phylum level in the domain Bacteria. Therefore, we designed a primer set for the 16S rRNA gene to specifically target the OP5 phylum and performed quantitative field analysis by using the real-time PCR method. Thus, the 16S rRNA gene of the OP5 phylum was detected in some hot-spring samples with the relative abundance ranging from 0.2% to 1.4% of the prokaryotic organisms detected. The physiology of the above-mentioned isolate and the related environmental clones indicated that they are scavengers contributing to the sulfur cycle in nature.
A novel moderately thermophilic, red-pigmented bacterium, designated strain AZM34c11 T , was isolated from the bottom of a 1000 m-deep drilled well located in a Japanese hot spring. Cells were Gram-negative and grew optimally at 50 6C, at pH 7.6 and with 0-0.3 % (w/v) NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Meiothermus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain AZM34c11 T and the type strains of recognized Meiothermus species were 88.2-94.8 %. Strain AZM34c11 T was distinguished from recognized Meiothermus species by its cellular fatty acid profile: iso-C 16 : 0 was one of the predominant components and hydroxy fatty acids were present only in trace amounts. The strain could also be differentiated based on its growth substrate preferences and characteristic enzyme reactions. On the basis of these results, strain AZM34c11 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Meiothermus, for which the name Meiothermus hypogaeus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AZM34c11 T (5NBRC 106114 T 5DSM 23238 T ).
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