BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has forced health and education services to use additional human resources, such as health professional students. Students in the health professions, particularly those in the medical field, can participate in a variety of voluntary activities, both directly and indirectly in health services. The aim of this review was to determine the affecting factors, types of activity, and benefits of undertaking a volunteering role by the health professional student.MethodsA systematic review of health professional student volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted using seven databases: Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. This literature search included published articles from March 2020 through to December 2021 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.ResultWe included 41 studies that met the selection criteria that assessed the factors and specific programs related to health profession students’ volunteering involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic era. The most frequently observed supporting factor of the eagerness to be a volunteer was the feeling of moral responsibility (such as social dedication, sense of duty, and care), potential learning opportunities, personal interest, and financial compensation. Factors that contributed to a person’s refusal to participate in a volunteer position were the fear of COVID-19 itself (such as transmission, risk of being infected, and personal identification as a risk group).ConclusionThe review of available literature has shown that understanding the motivation and barriers to the willingness of health professional students to volunteer and the impact of volunteering activities on their future lives is a key for supporting them.

The energy crisis is ready to whack, according to the fact that about 66% of the earth's fuel comes from fossils. The urgency for alternative fuels discovery is increasing, one of such these fuels is being natural rubber latex. This material has a potential as an alternative fuel because of its high hydrocarbon content. This study was to determine rubber latex activity as biokerosene. In this study, the distillation of fresh natural rubber latex was performed and the process produces an average of 0.196 L of distillate per 0.5 kg of latex. The distillate was separated to obtain pure biokerosene. Latex biokerosene analysis shows yellow color, strong odor, nonpolar properties, flammability, yellow flame color and black smoke, 873.9 kg/m 3 density, Rf=0.641 (4% methanol as mobile phase) and Rf=0.883 (N-hexane and acetone as mobile phase) of the thin layer chromatography. It can be concluded that latex has the potential as a biokerosene and can be an alternative solution against the national energy crisis.